Nayyar Khushi, Sidhu Tanvir K, Garg Avneet K
Internal Medicine, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND.
Community Medicine, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 4;16(8):e66147. doi: 10.7759/cureus.66147. eCollection 2024 Aug.
In 2019, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 marked the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, which reached its peak in 2020. Initially designated as a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a respiratory illness and later began causing multi-organ complications in recovered patients.
This article presents a hospital-based retrospective cohort study conducted via telephone interviews with patients in a tertiary hospital. After obtaining verbal consent from the subjects, the study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to gather data.
In the 54-person cohort group, 64.8% were males and 35.1% were females. The mean duration of the male patients' hospital stays was greater than that of the female patients. However, the mean lag time between the onset of comorbidities and recovery from COVID-19 was shorter in females than in males. Upon further analysis, it was revealed that female patients are more susceptible to the development of multiple comorbidities at once, occurring in 37.5% of the female patients in this study. Diabetes mellitus alone had the highest incidence rate (12.9%), followed by ST-elevation myocardial Infarctions (7.4%) and thrombocytopenia (5.5%). Of the cohort group, 51.8% developed comorbidities after exposure to COVID-19, while about 14.8% of the control group developed comorbidities from March 2020 onwards, i.e. from the commencement of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The relative risk assessed for this study is 3.5. The study's attributable risk is 71.42%.
The incidence of comorbidities in the cohort group was greater than that in the control group, demonstrating COVID-19 as a risk factor for post-exposure comorbidities. It is clear that there is a direct association between COVID-19 and the development of comorbidities, which is inferred with a relative risk of 3.5.
2019年，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的出现标志着冠状病毒病（COVID-19）全球大流行的开始，该大流行在2020年达到高峰。SARS-CoV-2最初被认定为一种新型冠状病毒，它最初表现为呼吸道疾病，后来开始在康复患者中引发多器官并发症。
本文介绍了一项基于医院的回顾性队列研究，该研究通过对一家三级医院的患者进行电话访谈开展。在获得受试者的口头同意后，该研究使用半结构化问卷收集数据。
在54人的队列组中，64.8%为男性，35.1%为女性。男性患者的平均住院时间长于女性患者。然而，女性患者合并症发作与COVID-19康复之间的平均延迟时间比男性短。进一步分析发现，女性患者更容易同时出现多种合并症，本研究中37.5%的女性患者出现了这种情况。仅糖尿病的发病率最高（12.9%），其次是ST段抬高型心肌梗死（7.4%）和血小板减少症（5.5%）。在队列组中，51.8%的患者在感染COVID-19后出现了合并症，而对照组中约14.8%的患者从2020年3月起，即从COVID-19全球大流行开始后出现了合并症。本研究评估的相对风险为3.5。该研究的归因风险为71.42%。
队列组中合并症的发病率高于对照组，表明COVID-19是暴露后合并症的一个风险因素。显然，COVID-19与合并症的发生之间存在直接关联，相对风险为3.5可推断出这一点。
