Mitala Yekosani, Atwine Raymond, Ssenkumba Brian, Birungi Abraham, Tuhamize Barbra, Ezinga Richard, Male Keneth, Taseera Kabanda
Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
East Afr Health Res J. 2024;8(1):32-42. doi: 10.24248/eahrj.v8i1.746. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
Cancer has become a global public health challenge and the number one cause of premature death. The incidence is increasing globally and more rapidly in low and middle-income countries despite the gross under-registration and challenges in diagnosis. Data about Uganda is mostly from the Mulago cancer registry which may not entirely represent other parts of the country. This study presents the trends of cancer incidence for Southwestern Uganda in a decade (2012 to 2021).
We did a review of records at the Mbarara University histopathology laboratory and Mbarara Regional Referral Oncology Clinics from January 2012 to December 2021 for cancer diagnoses. Records missing patients' age or sex were excluded.
We registered 4197 incident cancers, 51.8% were among males, and 10.7% were among children (0-18 years). The median age was 52 years and the interquartile range was 35-67 years. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were prostate cancer (13.46%), ocular surface carcinoma (11.03%), cervical cancer (10.55%), head and neck cancers (7.31%), esophageal carcinoma (6.79%), lymphomas (5.36%), retinoblastoma (5.31%), and breast cancer (5.00%) in descending order. Retinoblastoma was the most common cancer among children.
The cancer pattern in Southwestern Uganda has changed and the numbers diagnosed each year are increasing. Prostate cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer overall, and the commonest cancer among men. Among women, cervical cancer is the most common cancer, followed by ocular surface carcinoma, and breast cancer. Retinoblastoma is the most common cancer among children. The trend of Kaposi sarcoma has plummeted together with ocular surface carcinomas. The cancer trends seem to be influenced by the presence of diagnostic and treatment expertise in the region.
癌症已成为全球公共卫生挑战和过早死亡的首要原因。尽管登记严重不足且诊断存在挑战，但全球癌症发病率仍在上升，在低收入和中等收入国家上升速度更快。关于乌干达的数据大多来自穆拉戈癌症登记处，而这可能无法完全代表该国其他地区。本研究呈现了乌干达西南部十年（2012年至2021年）间的癌症发病率趋势。
我们回顾了2012年1月至2021年12月期间姆巴拉拉大学组织病理学实验室和姆巴拉拉地区转诊肿瘤诊所的癌症诊断记录。排除了缺少患者年龄或性别的记录。
我们登记了4197例新发癌症病例，其中51.8%为男性，10.7%为儿童（0至18岁）。中位年龄为52岁，四分位数间距为35至67岁。最常诊断出的癌症依次为前列腺癌（13.
