Chriscensia Erika, Nathanael Joshua, Perwitasari Urip, Putra Agus Budiawan Naro, Adiyanto Shakila Angjaya, Hartrianti Pietradewi
Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jl. Pulomas Barat No. Kav. 88, RT.4/RW.9, Kayu Putih, Kec. Pulo Gadung, 13210 Jakarta, Indonesia.
Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia.
Trop Life Sci Res. 2024 Jul;35(2):107-140. doi: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.6. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
L. beans have long been used for food and medicinal purposes. However, up to 52%-76% of L. fruit comprises its husk, which are regarded as waste and oftentimes thrown away. In fact, cocoa pod husks actually possess a high antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants can be used to fight free radicals that are produced by environmental pollution. In order to simulate the effects of pollution, HO and cigarette smoke extract models were used respectively. However, the antioxidant properties are limited on the skin due to poor penetration. Hence, in order to increase the topical penetration, cocoa pod husk extract (CPHE) was also formulated into niosomes thereafter. CPHE was characterised using total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and three antioxidant assays. After that, cytotoxicity and cytoprotective assay were conducted on HaCaT cells, which represent the skin epidermis. CPHE was then formulated into niosomes subjected to stability and penetration studies for three months. CPHE was shown to contain 164.26 ± 1.067 mg GAE/g extract in total phenolic content and 10.72 ± 0.32 mg QCE/g extract in total flavonoid content. In addition, our results showed that CPHE possesses similar antioxidant capacity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, around eight-fold less through ABTS assay and approximately twelve-fold less through Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. The extract also showed comparable cytoprotective properties to that of standard (ascorbic acid). The niosome formulation was also able to increase the penetration compared to unencapsulated extract, as well as possess a good stability profile. This showed that CPHE, in fact, could be repurposed for other uses other than being thrown away as waste.
罗望子豆长期以来一直用于食品和药用目的。然而,罗望子果实高达52%-76%的部分是果壳,这些果壳被视为废物,常常被扔掉。事实上,可可豆荚壳实际上具有很高的抗氧化能力。抗氧化剂可用于对抗由环境污染产生的自由基。为了模拟污染的影响,分别使用了过氧化氢和香烟烟雾提取物模型。然而,由于渗透性差,抗氧化特性在皮肤上的作用有限。因此,为了增加局部渗透性,此后可可豆荚壳提取物(CPHE)也被制成了脂质体。使用总酚含量、总黄酮含量和三种抗氧化测定法对CPHE进行了表征。之后,对代表皮肤表皮的HaCaT细胞进行了细胞毒性和细胞保护测定。然后将CPHE制成脂质体,进行为期三个月的稳定性和渗透性研究。结果表明,CPHE的总酚含量为164.26±1.067mg GAE/g提取物,总黄酮含量为10.72±0.32mg QCE/g提取物。此外,我们的结果表明,通过2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(DPPH)测定,CPHE具有相似的抗氧化能力,通过ABTS测定法其抗氧化能力约低八倍,通过铁还原能力(FRAP)测定法约低十二倍。该提取物还显示出与标准品(抗坏血酸)相当的细胞保护特性。与未包封的提取物相比,脂质体制剂也能够增加渗透性,并且具有良好的稳定性。这表明,事实上,CPHE除了作为废物扔掉之外,还可以重新用于其他用途。