Department of Ophthalmology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 5;19(9):e0307011. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307011. eCollection 2024.
To investigate the risk of visual impairment (VI) based on the presence or absence of four diseases: hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
This retrospective population-based study included 1,000,000 randomly selected participants from the National Health Checkup Program database between 2015 and 2016. VI was defined as a presenting visual acuity ≤ 0.5 in the better eye. The participants were divided into 12 groups according to the presence or absence of disease. Adjusting for age and sex, the risk of VI in each disease group was analyzed and compared with the others.
Among the 1,000,000 participants, 88,931 (8.89%) had VI. The odds ratios (ORs) of age, male sex, HTN, DM, glaucoma, and DR for VI were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.05-1.06), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.52-0.53), 1.11 (95% CI, 1.09-1.13), 1.07 (95% CI, 1.05-1.09), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.74), and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.25-1.34), respectively (all P < 0.001). The group with HTN, DM, glaucoma, and DR had the highest OR of 1.98 (P < 0.001) compared to the healthy group. HTN, DM, and DR were positively correlated with VI in all groups. Glaucoma was positively correlated in the group with DM and DR and in the group with HTN, DM, and DR (ORs 1.18, 1.11, all P < 0.05); however, it demonstrated a negative correlation in the other groups (ORs 0.85-0.93, all P < 0.05).
HTN, DM, and DR, either alone or in combination, increase the risk of VI. Glaucoma also increases the risk when combined with DR; however, it has a negative correlation with VI in the absence of DR. Periodic ophthalmologic examinations for glaucoma, which primarily affects the peripheral visual field and not central visual acuity, might help prevent VI caused by other diseases.
探讨高血压（HTN）、糖尿病（DM）、青光眼和糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）四种疾病的存在与否对视力障碍（VI）的风险。
本回顾性基于人群的研究纳入了 2015 年至 2016 年期间国家健康检查计划数据库中随机选择的 100 万名参与者。VI 定义为较好眼的表现视力≤0.5。根据疾病的存在与否，将参与者分为 12 组。在调整年龄和性别后，分析并比较了每个疾病组 VI 的风险。
在 100 万名参与者中，有 88931 人（8.89%）患有 VI。年龄、男性、HTN、DM、青光眼和 DR 导致 VI 的比值比（OR）分别为 1.06（95%可信区间，1.05-1.06）、0.52（95%可信区间，0.52-0.53）、1.11（95%可信区间，1.09-1.13）、1.07（95%可信区间，1.05-1.09）、0.92（95%可信区间，0.90-0.74）和 1.29（95%可信区间，1.25-1.34）（均 P < 0.001）。与健康组相比，HTN、DM、青光眼和 DR 组的 OR 最高，为 1.98（P < 0.001）。HTN、DM 和 DR 在所有组中均与 VI 呈正相关。青光眼与 DM 和 DR 组以及 HTN、DM 和 DR 组呈正相关（ORs 1.18、1.11，均 P < 0.05）；然而，在其他组中则呈负相关（ORs 0.85-0.93，均 P < 0.05）。
HTN、DM 和 DR 单独或联合存在均会增加 VI 的风险。青光眼与 DR 联合时也会增加 VI 的风险，但在没有 DR 的情况下与 VI 呈负相关。对主要影响周边视野而不是中心视力的青光眼进行定期眼科检查可能有助于预防由其他疾病引起的 VI。
