The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 25;953:175971. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175971. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Since their discovery, the prolonged and widespread use of antibiotics in veterinary and agricultural production has led to numerous problems, particularly the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). In addition, other anthropogenic factors accelerate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and amplify their impact. In agricultural environments, animals, manure, and wastewater are the vectors of ARGs that facilitate their spread to the environment and humans via animal products, water, and other environmental pathways. Therefore, this review comprehensively analyzed the current status, removal methods, and future directions of ARGs on farms. This article 1) investigates the origins of ARGs on farms, the pathways and mechanisms of their spread to surrounding environments, and various strategies to mitigate their spread; 2) determines the multiple factors influencing the abundance of ARGs on farms, the pathways through which ARGs spread from farms to the environment, and the effects and mechanisms of non-antibiotic factors on the spread of ARGs; 3) explores methods for controlling ARGs in farm wastes; and 4) provides a comprehensive summary and integration of research across various fields, proposing that in modern smart farms, emerging technologies can be integrated through artificial intelligence to control or even eliminate ARGs. Moreover, challenges and future research directions for controlling ARGs on farms are suggested.
自发现以来，抗生素在兽医和农业生产中的长期广泛使用导致了许多问题，特别是抗生素耐药菌（ARB）的出现和传播。此外，其他人为因素加速了抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的水平转移，并放大了其影响。在农业环境中，动物、粪便和废水是 ARGs 的载体，通过动物产品、水和其他环境途径促进其向环境和人类传播。因此，本综述全面分析了农场中 ARGs 的现状、去除方法和未来方向。本文：1）调查了农场中 ARGs 的来源、传播到周围环境的途径和机制，以及减轻其传播的各种策略；2）确定了影响农场中 ARGs 丰度的多种因素、ARGs 从农场传播到环境的途径，以及非抗生素因素对 ARGs 传播的影响和机制；3）探讨了控制农场废物中 ARGs 的方法；4）对各个领域的研究进行了全面总结和整合，提出在现代智能农场中，可以通过人工智能整合新兴技术来控制甚至消除 ARGs。此外，还提出了控制农场 ARGs 的挑战和未来研究方向。
