Heinze Nikki, Davies Ffion, York Sarah, Chan Stephanie Hoi-Ying, Farrell Derek, Gomes Renata S M
BRAVO VICTOR, London, United Kingdom.
Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2024 Aug 22;15:1395636. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395636. eCollection 2024.
Well-being has become a key outcome of health and support services for adults with visual impairment (V.I.). However, there is a lack of consensus on how well-being is conceptualized and assessed in V.I. research, if it is defined at all. A shared understanding of what well-being means in the context of adult V.I. is essential to enable comparison of findings across studies and collaboration between support organizations.
This article reports findings from a series of four online focus groups with adults with V.I. and one with practitioners working in the field of adult V.I. The focus groups explored what participants meant by well-being and which factors impacted their well-being. A total of 17 adults with V.I. and five practitioners took part. A list of all components of well-being, factors that impact well-being, and items in the protective buffer that may mitigate the impact of factors on well-being were extracted from the data.
Despite the noted difficulty in defining well-being and disagreement around the extent to which well-being was universal or individual, a preliminary model of well-being emerged from the focus group discussions. The core of well-being reflects an overall feeling of contentment arising from a positive evaluation of how one is feeling, how one is feeling within oneself, and how one is feeling about one's life. Factors relating to balance/equilibrium, health, mood, other people, the self, and a sense of security and purpose can positively or negatively impact well-being. This impact may be mitigated by a protective buffer consisting of one's mood, mindset, ability to cope, resilience, and acceptance. Many items were discussed in multiple roles, e.g., as a component of well-being or factor.
This research took a bottom-up approach to explore what well-being means in the context of adult V.I. The role of certain items and the structure of the proposed model of well-being will need to be confirmed in future research with stakeholders across the V.I. sector.
幸福感已成为视障成年人健康与支持服务的关键成果。然而，对视障研究中幸福感如何概念化和评估（如果有定义的话），目前尚无共识。在视障成年人背景下，对幸福感含义达成共同理解，对于跨研究比较结果以及支持组织间的合作至关重要。
本文报告了一系列四个针对视障成年人的在线焦点小组以及一个针对视障领域从业者的焦点小组的研究结果。这些焦点小组探讨了参与者对幸福感的理解以及哪些因素影响他们的幸福感。共有17名视障成年人和5名从业者参与。从数据中提取了幸福感的所有组成部分、影响幸福感的因素以及可能减轻因素对幸福感影响的保护缓冲因素清单。
尽管指出定义幸福感存在困难，且对于幸福感在多大程度上具有普遍性或个体性存在分歧，但焦点小组讨论中仍出现了一个幸福感的初步模型。幸福感的核心反映了一种总体的满足感，这种满足感源于对自身感受、内心感受以及对自己生活的积极评价。与平衡/均衡、健康、情绪、他人、自我以及安全感和目标感相关的因素会对幸福感产生积极或消极影响。这种影响可能会被一个由情绪、心态、应对能力、恢复力和接纳组成的保护缓冲所减轻。许多因素在多个角色中被讨论，例如作为幸福感的组成部分或影响因素。
本研究采用自下而上的方法来探索视障成年人背景下幸福感的含义。某些因素的作用以及所提出的幸福感模型的结构，需要在未来与视障领域的利益相关者进行的研究中得到确认。
