Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department Psychiatry VUmc/GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015 Jan 20;56(2):849-54. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15848.
We assessed the prevalence of subthreshold depression and anxiety, and major depressive, dysthymic, and anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, and general anxiety disorder) in visually impaired older adults and compared these estimates with those of normally sighted peers.
Cross-sectional data were analyzed based on telephone interviews with visually impaired older adults aged ≥ 60 years (n = 615) with a visual acuity of ≥ 0.30 logMAR (20/40 Snellen) in the best eye from outpatient low vision rehabilitation centers, and face-to-face interviews with community-dwelling normally sighted peers (n = 1232). To determine prevalence rates, the normally sighted population was weighted on sex and age to fit the visually impaired population. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare the populations and to correct for confounders.
The prevalence of major depressive disorder (5.4%) and anxiety disorders (7.5%), as well as the prevalence of subthreshold depression (32.2%) and subthreshold anxiety (15.6%), were significantly higher in visually impaired older adults compared to their normally sighted peers (P < 0.05). Agoraphobia and social phobia were the most prevalent anxiety disorders in visually impaired older adults.
This study shows that depression and anxiety are major public health problems in visually impaired older adults. Research on psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic interventions to improve depression and anxiety in this population is warranted. (http://www.trialregister.nl number, NTR3296.).
我们评估了有视力障碍的老年人中阈下抑郁和焦虑的患病率，以及重性抑郁障碍、心境恶劣障碍和焦虑障碍（惊恐障碍、广场恐怖症、社交恐惧症和广泛性焦虑障碍）的患病率，并将这些估计值与视力正常的同龄人进行了比较。
基于对来自门诊低视力康复中心的≥ 60 岁（n = 615）、最佳眼视力≥ 0.30 logMAR（20/40 Snellen）的有视力障碍的老年人（n = 615）的电话访谈，以及对社区居住的视力正常的同龄人（n = 1232）的面对面访谈，进行了横断面数据分析。为了确定患病率，对视力正常人群进行了性别和年龄加权，以与视力障碍人群相匹配。使用逻辑回归分析比较了两个群体，并对混杂因素进行了校正。
与视力正常的同龄人相比，有视力障碍的老年人中重性抑郁障碍（5.4%）和焦虑障碍（7.5%）的患病率，以及阈下抑郁（32.2%）和阈下焦虑（15.6%）的患病率显著更高（P < 0.05）。广场恐怖症和社交恐惧症是有视力障碍的老年人中最常见的焦虑障碍。
本研究表明，抑郁和焦虑是有视力障碍的老年人中的主要公共卫生问题。有必要对该人群进行心理治疗和药物干预的研究，以改善抑郁和焦虑。（http://www.trialregister.nl 号，NTR3296。）
