Pazdziernik Damian, Stummer Harald
Institut für Management und Ökonomie im Gesundheitswesen, UMIT TIROL - Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften und -technologie, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Österreich.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2025 Mar;58(2):123-128. doi: 10.1007/s00391-024-02339-8. Epub 2024 Sep 6.
The current evidence regarding interventions to improve oral health in older hospital patients is unclear.
This scoping review assesses the scope and nature of research activities and identifies gaps in the existing literature.
The inclusion criteria for this study included adults over the age of 65 years who were treated as inpatient outside of intensive care units and covered all interventions aimed at promoting oral health or hygiene.
The systematic search yielded 12 final studies, focusing on oral healthcare interventions in various settings, primarily in high-income countries. The studies employed diverse designs including randomized controlled trials and prospective studies, with interventions mainly provided by multidisciplinary teams. The interventions aimed to improve oral health or prevent pneumonia. Overall, the studies highlighted a potential effectiveness of multidisciplinary approaches in improving oral health and preventing pneumonia in geriatric populations.
This scoping review shows a limited and heterogeneous evidence base for oral health interventions for older patients in hospitals. The need for patient involvement is evident; however, there is often a lack of high-quality studies to draw robust conclusions.
目前关于改善老年住院患者口腔健康干预措施的证据尚不明确。
本综述评估研究活动的范围和性质，并找出现有文献中的空白。
本研究的纳入标准包括65岁以上在重症监护病房以外接受住院治疗的成年人，并涵盖所有旨在促进口腔健康或卫生的干预措施。
系统检索最终得到12项研究，主要聚焦于不同环境下的口腔保健干预措施，这些研究主要来自高收入国家。研究采用了多种设计，包括随机对照试验和前瞻性研究，干预措施主要由多学科团队提供。这些干预措施旨在改善口腔健康或预防肺炎。总体而言，研究强调了多学科方法在改善老年人群口腔健康和预防肺炎方面的潜在有效性。
本综述显示，关于医院老年患者口腔健康干预措施的证据基础有限且存在异质性。患者参与的必要性显而易见；然而，往往缺乏高质量研究来得出有力结论。
