Diffusion model-based image generation from rat brain activity.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has gained recognition in various fields, including clinical applications, assistive technology, and human-computer interaction research. BCI enables communication, control, and monitoring of the affective/cognitive states of users. Recently, BCI has also found applications in the artistic field, enabling real-time art composition using brain activity signals, and engaging performers, spectators, or an entire audience with brain activity-based artistic environments. Existing techniques use specific features of brain activity, such as the P300 wave and SSVEPs, to control drawing tools, rather than directly reflecting brain activity in the output image. In this study, we present a novel approach that uses a latent diffusion model, a type of deep neural network, to generate images directly from continuous brain activity. We demonstrate this technology using local field potentials from the neocortex of freely moving rats. This system continuously converted the recorded brain activity into images. Our end-to-end method for generating images from brain activity opens new possibilities for creative expression and experimentation. Notably, our results show that the generated images successfully reflect the dynamic and stochastic nature of the underlying neural activity, providing a unique procedure for visualization of brain function.