Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 6;19(9):e0305412. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305412. eCollection 2024.
Anaplasma is an intracellular alphaproteobacteria that infects diverse blood cell types in animal hosts including small ruminants. Epidemiological and risk factors information on zoonotic anaplasmosis with respect to anaplasmosis in sheep and goats are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, risk factors of anaplasmosis and phylogenetic investigation of A. capra in sheep and goats from Faisalabad district, Pakistan. Briefly, 384 blood samples were randomly collected from sheep and goats of Faisalabad district, Pakistan, during January to May 2022. The samples were processed for the detection of Anaplasma targeting 16S rRNA gene using PCR. The data regarding disease determinants were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Out of 384 samples, 131 samples were found positive for Anaplasma spp. with a prevalence rate of 34.11%. The results indicated a significantly higher prevalence of anaplasmosis in goats (41.88%) compared to sheep (22.00%). In addition, the chi square indicated that housing type, tick infestation, gender, tick control practices, age, mix farming, and hygiene were significantly associated with the occurrence of disease. The analysis of multivariate logistic regression expressed gender as the significant risk factor (p = 0.0001, OR = 1.757, CI = 1.305-2.366). The acquired sequences revealed four novel isolates of A. capra (Genbank accession numbers ON834323, ON838209, ON838210, and ON838211). The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of A. capra revealed three distinct clusters with 99-100% homology with other isolates from different countries. Our isolates showed higher similarity with isolates from China (KM206273, KP314237, MT799937), Pakistan (ON238129, ON238130, ON238131), Angola (MT898988), India (MZ558066), Iran (MW692362), and Turkey (MT632469) isolated from human, sheep, ticks, goats, cattle, Gaddi goat, Persian Onager (Equus hemionus onager), and Turkish goats, respectively. In conclusion, A. capra is endemic in Punjab, Pakistan, there is a need to conduct large scale surveillance studies to assess the status of this pathogen at human-animal interface as well as to develop effective preventive and control strategies to reduce the economic losses associated with anaplasmosis in small ruminants.
安巴氏菌是一种细胞内的α变形菌，可感染动物宿主中的多种血细胞类型，包括小反刍动物。关于绵羊和山羊的人畜共患安巴氏菌病的流行病学和危险因素信息很少。因此，本研究的目的是评估巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德地区绵羊和山羊中安巴氏菌病的流行率、危险因素和系统发育。简而言之，2022 年 1 月至 5 月期间，从巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德地区随机采集了 384 份绵羊和山羊的血液样本。使用针对 16S rRNA 基因的 PCR 检测方法检测了针对安巴氏菌的样本。使用预先设计的问卷收集了有关疾病决定因素的数据。在 384 个样本中，有 131 个样本对安巴氏菌呈阳性，阳性率为 34.11%。结果表明，与绵羊（22.00%）相比，山羊的安巴氏菌病患病率显著更高（41.88%）。此外，卡方检验表明，住房类型、蜱虫感染、性别、蜱虫控制措施、年龄、混合养殖和卫生与疾病发生显著相关。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，性别是一个显著的风险因素（p=0.0001，OR=1.757，CI=1.305-2.366）。获得的序列显示了四个新型的 A. capra 分离株（Genbank 登录号：ON834323、ON838209、ON838210 和 ON838211）。A. capra 的 16S rRNA 基因的系统发育分析显示，有三个不同的聚类，与来自不同国家的其他分离株具有 99-100%的同源性。我们的分离株与来自中国（KM206273、KP314237、MT799937）、巴基斯坦（ON238129、ON238130、ON238131）、安哥拉（MT898988）、印度（MZ558066）、伊朗（MW692362）和土耳其（MT632469）的分离株显示出更高的相似性，这些分离株分别来自人类、绵羊、蜱虫、山羊、牛、加迪山羊、波斯野驴（Equus hemionus onager）和土耳其山羊。总之，A. capra 在巴基斯坦旁遮普邦流行，有必要进行大规模的监测研究，以评估该病原体在人畜界面的状况，并制定有效的预防和控制策略，以减少小反刍动物中与安巴氏菌病相关的经济损失。
