Atif Farhan Ahmad, Ullah Sami, Cossío-Bayúgar Raquel, Kashif Muhammad, Khan Aman Ullah, Wu Wen-Feng
Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 28;11(10):2430. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102430.
is the most important cause of anaplasmosis in small ruminants. The current study was planned to estimate the molecular prevalence, risk factors, and phylogenetic analysis of infection in sheep and goats from different agro-climatic regions of Central and Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 400 jugular blood samples were collected from asymptomatic goats ( = 200) and sheep ( = 200) from the Jhang and Dera Ghazi Khan districts from January 2021 to February, 2023. Two hundred blood samples were collected from each district. Ten union councils (UC) were randomly chosen from each district, and 20 samples were collected from each UC based on the multistage cluster sampling technique. The samples were analyzed with PCR targeting the major surface protein ( gene of . The overall molecular prevalence of anaplasmosis was 57.5%. The disease occurrence was higher in Dera Ghazi Khan (61.5%) than in the Jhang district (53.5%). Infection positivity was greater in goats (65.5%) than in sheep (49.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that host species [sheep; Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.212; = 0.000, Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.968-5.242], age (adult; OR = 2.606; = 0.003, CI = 1.398-4.858), and acaricide use (never; OR = 13.671; = 0.000, CI = 6.414-26.283) were significantly higher risk for in small ruminants (< 0.05; OR > 1). The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four representative isolates in the current study (Genbank numbers; Goats: OQ302202, OQ302203; Sheep: OQ319592, OQ319593) revealed novel strains of with 97-100% similarity from different countries. The -based goat isolates showed greater genetic diversity, while sheep genotypes showed homology with isolates from Italy, Spain, Hungary, Cyprus, Spain, Iran, and China. The current surveillance study will help in devising prevention and control strategies regarding anaplasmosis in small ruminants. However, there is a need for further study on the clinicopathological and vector competence aspects of these genotypes.
是小型反刍动物无形体病的最重要病因。本研究旨在估计巴基斯坦旁遮普省中部和南部不同农业气候区绵羊和山羊感染的分子流行率、风险因素并进行系统发育分析。2021年1月至2023年2月，从詹格和德拉加齐汗地区共采集了400份无症状山羊（n = 200）和绵羊（n = 200）的颈静脉血样。每个地区采集200份血样。根据多阶段整群抽样技术，从每个地区随机选择10个联合委员会（UC），并从每个UC采集20份样本。采用针对主要表面蛋白（基因）的PCR对样本进行分析。无形体病的总体分子流行率为57.5%。德拉加齐汗地区（61.5%）的疾病发生率高于詹格地区（53.5%）。山羊的感染阳性率（65.5%）高于绵羊（49.5%）。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，宿主物种[绵羊；优势比（OR）= 3.212；P = 0.000，置信区间（CI）= 1.968 - 5.242]、年龄（成年；OR = 2.606；P = 0.003，CI = 1.398 - 4.858）和杀螨剂使用情况（从未使用；OR = 13.671；P = 0.000，CI = 6.414 - 26.283）是小型反刍动物感染的显著高风险因素（P < 0.05；OR > 1）。本研究中四个代表性分离株（Genbank编号；山羊：OQ302202、OQ302203；绵羊：OQ319592、OQ319593）的测序和系统发育分析揭示了与不同国家相似度为97 - 100%的新型无形体菌株。基于的山羊分离株显示出更大的遗传多样性，而绵羊基因型与来自意大利、西班牙、匈牙利、塞浦路斯、西班牙、伊朗和中国的分离株具有同源性。当前的监测研究将有助于制定小型反刍动物无形体病的预防和控制策略。然而，需要进一步研究这些基因型的临床病理学和媒介能力方面。
