Department of Urology, Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Blood Transfusion Department, Clinical Laboratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 25;953:176006. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176006. Epub 2024 Sep 4.
The emergence of nanotechnology has opened new avenues for enhancing pest control strategies through the development of nanopesticides. Green-fabricated nanoparticles, while promising due to their eco-friendly synthesis methods, may still pose risks to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The potential toxic effects of nanomaterials on ecosystems and human health raise important questions about their real-world application. Understanding the dose-response relationships of nanopesticides, both in terms of pest control efficacy and non-target organism safety, is crucial for ensuring their sustainable use in agricultural settings. This review delves into the complexities of silver nanopesticides, exploring their interactions with arthropod species, modes of action, and underlying mechanisms of toxicity. It discusses critical issues concerning the emergence of silver nanopesticides, spanning their mosquitocidal efficacy to environmental impact and safety considerations. While nano‑silver has shown promise in targeting insect pests, there is a lack of systematic research comparing its effects on different arthropod subclasses. Moreover, factors influencing nanotoxicity, such as nanoparticle size, charge, and surface chemistry, require further investigation to optimize the design of eco-safe nanoparticles for pest control. By elucidating the mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with pests and non-target organisms, we can enhance the specificity and effectiveness of nanopesticides while minimizing unintended ecological consequences.
纳米技术的出现为增强害虫防治策略开辟了新途径，通过开发纳米农药实现这一目标。绿色制造的纳米颗粒由于其环保的合成方法而具有前景，但它们仍可能对生物多样性和生态系统稳定性构成风险。纳米材料对生态系统和人类健康的潜在毒性影响引发了关于其实际应用的重要问题。了解纳米农药的剂量-反应关系，包括在防治害虫方面的功效和对非目标生物的安全性，对于确保其在农业环境中的可持续使用至关重要。本综述深入探讨了银纳米农药的复杂性，探讨了它们与节肢动物物种的相互作用、作用方式和毒性的潜在机制。它讨论了与银纳米农药出现相关的关键问题，包括其杀蚊效果、环境影响和安全考虑。虽然纳米银在靶向昆虫害虫方面显示出了前景，但缺乏系统研究来比较其对不同节肢动物类群的影响。此外，影响纳米毒性的因素，如纳米颗粒的大小、电荷和表面化学性质，需要进一步研究，以优化用于害虫防治的生态安全纳米颗粒的设计。通过阐明纳米颗粒与害虫和非靶标生物相互作用的机制，我们可以提高纳米农药的特异性和有效性，同时最大限度地减少意外的生态后果。
