社区药店中针对艾滋病毒高危人群的可行性。

Feasibility of reaching populations at high risk for HIV in community pharmacies.

出版信息

J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2024 Nov-Dec;64(6):102239. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102239. Epub 2024 Sep 5.

DOI:10.1016/j.japh.2024.102239

PMID:39241958

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11971681/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Growing evidence has shown feasibility for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention service integration in pharmacies, including HIV testing and screening for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Yet, further work is needed to determine whether pharmacies can effectively reach those at increased risk of HIV transmission.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to describe the HIV risk profiles and willingness to obtain HIV prevention services from a sample of pharmacy clients.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional pilot study aimed to develop a culturally appropriate pharmacy-based PrEP delivery model among Black men who have sex with men. Two pharmacies were recruited from low-income, underserved communities and participants were recruited within pharmacies for screener and social and behavioral surveys. Individuals were grouped by PrEP eligibility due to sexual risk, injection drug use risk, or both, and demographic and willingness measures were compared.

RESULTS

Among 460 pharmacy clients, 81 (17.6%) would have been eligible for PrEP due to sex or injection drug use risk. Most were eligible due to sexual risk (58.0%), while a substantial proportion were eligible due to injection drug use (27.2%) or a combination of sexual and injection drug use risk behaviors (42.0%). Of these eligible, the median age was 31 years (interquartile range = 28.32) and most had ≥1 female (75.3%) or male (96.3%) partner in the past 6 months. There was high willingness to receive a free HIV test in a pharmacy (90.1%). Most were willing to screen for PrEP in a pharmacy (95.1%) despite these services not being available in the state where this study was performed. There were no differences in willingness to obtain pharmacy-based HIV prevention services across risk groups.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that pharmacies in disadvantaged areas can serve a key role in preventing and decreasing the transmission of HIV by reaching populations with high HIV burden and providing HIV prevention services.

摘要

背景

越来越多的证据表明，在药店中整合人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）预防服务是可行的，包括 HIV 检测和暴露前预防（PrEP）筛查。然而，仍需要进一步研究，以确定药店是否能够有效地接触到那些HIV 传播风险较高的人群。

目的

我们旨在描述从药店客户样本中获取 HIV 风险概况和获得 HIV 预防服务的意愿。

方法

这是一项旨在开发一种文化上适宜的基于药店的 PrEP 提供模式的横断面试点研究，研究对象为与男性发生性行为的黑人男性。从低收入、服务不足的社区招募了两家药店，在药店内招募参与者进行筛查和社会行为调查。根据性风险、注射毒品使用风险或两者兼有的情况，将个体分为 PrEP 合格组，并比较人口统计学和意愿方面的差异。

结果

在 460 名药店客户中，有 81 人（17.6%）因性风险或注射毒品使用风险而有资格获得 PrEP。大多数人因性风险而有资格获得 PrEP（58.0%），而相当一部分人因注射毒品使用（27.2%）或性和注射毒品使用风险行为的组合（42.0%）而有资格获得 PrEP。在这些合格者中，中位数年龄为 31 岁（四分位距=28.32），在过去 6 个月内，大多数人有≥1 名女性（75.3%）或男性（96.3%）伴侣。在药店接受免费 HIV 检测的意愿很高（90.1%）。大多数人愿意在药店筛查 PrEP（95.1%），尽管在进行这项研究的州，这些服务不可用。在不同风险组中，获得药店提供的 HIV 预防服务的意愿没有差异。