Iguchi Akira, Nishijima Miyuki, Ikeuchi Eri, Yokooka Hiroyuki, Sugishima Hideki, Ikeda Kazumasa, Miwa Ryuichi, Sekido Yoshiro, Iwasaki Nozomu, Suzumura Masahiro, Tsukasaki Ayumi, Tanaka Yuichiro, Kato Shogo, Minatoya Jumpei, Okamoto Nobuyuki, Kunishima Taiga, Ise Yuji, Suzuki Atsushi
Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan.
Research Laboratory on Environmentally-conscious Developments and Technologies [E-code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan.
NPJ Biodivers. 2024 May 31;3(1):14. doi: 10.1038/s44185-024-00042-w.
The increase in interest of mining at seamounts means there is a critical need to establish baseline inventories through environmental survey, with the aim of promoting the conservation and stewardship of these remote habitats. To efficiently evaluate fish biodiversity around a seamount, we compared environmental DNA (eDNA) methods using seawater and sponge samples against methods using imagery obtained with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and a free-fall deep-sea camera lander called the Edokko Mark I on the Takuyo-Daigo Seamount (153.0°E, 23.5°N) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We detected a total of 18 fish families by these methods. The fish fauna detected on the seamount included many families commonly found in deep-sea areas and were similar to the fish fauna of other seamounts located at similar latitudes in the northwestern Pacific. Significant differences in the patterns of detection of fish families between the eDNA and imaging methods is attributed to the differing powers of detection of some fish groups between methods (related to primer compatibility and fish size). For deep-sea fish, the difference in fish composition at the family level between seawater and sponge eDNA methods was not significant, but the difference between Edokko Mark I and ROV methods was significant; the latter difference is likely due to whether or not bait is used to attract fish. Although the eDNA workflow implemented here requires improvements, the use of eDNA and imaging methods in combination provided better insight into the biodiversity of deep-sea fishes in the deep-sea around a seamount, where our knowledge of the fish fauna has been extremely limited. Our recovery of eDNA from seawater and sponge samples around the seamount demonstrates the potential of these methods for facilitating environmental baseline surveys and impact assessments of mining activities to obtain results not previously possible with the use of visual methods only.
对海山进行开采的兴趣增加，这意味着迫切需要通过环境调查来建立基线清单，以促进对这些偏远栖息地的保护和管理。为了有效评估海山周围的鱼类生物多样性，我们将利用海水和海绵样本的环境DNA（eDNA）方法与使用遥控潜水器（ROV）和一种名为“江户子一号”的自由落体深海相机着陆器在西北太平洋的田代-大东海山（东经153.0°，北纬23.5°）获取的图像的方法进行了比较。通过这些方法，我们总共检测到了18个鱼类科。在海山上检测到的鱼类区系包括许多常见于深海区域的科，并且与西北太平洋类似纬度的其他海山的鱼类区系相似。eDNA方法和成像方法在鱼类科检测模式上的显著差异归因于不同方法对某些鱼类群体的检测能力不同（与引物兼容性和鱼的大小有关）。对于深海鱼类，海水和海绵eDNA方法在科级水平上的鱼类组成差异不显著，但“江户子一号”方法和ROV方法之间的差异显著；后一种差异可能是由于是否使用诱饵来吸引鱼类。尽管这里实施的eDNA工作流程需要改进，但将eDNA方法和成像方法结合使用能更好地洞察海山周围深海中深海鱼类的生物多样性，而我们对该鱼类区系的了解极其有限。我们从海山周围的海水和海绵样本中回收eDNA，证明了这些方法在促进环境基线调查和采矿活动影响评估方面的潜力，从而获得仅使用视觉方法以前无法获得的结果。
