Gibu Kodai, Hamamoto Kohei, Koeda Keita, Nishijima Miyuki, Kise Hiroki, Mizuyama Masaru, Suzuki Atsushi, Aoki Nobuyuki, Yasuda Nina, Iguchi Akira
RNAGeological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan.
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20791. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05106-w.
In this study, environmental DNA was used to assess marine diversity across the southern part of Okinawa Island, Japan, located in the subtropics. Diversity analysis was performed for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Differences in diversity were detected between the west side of Okinawa (an area exposed to groundwater influenced by land-derived loads) and the east side (an area where coral reefs, beaches, and seagrass beds coexist). In particular, the community composition of prokaryotes, for which 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis was performed, differed markedly between the east and west sides of the island. Differences in the composition of eukaryotic communities between the east and west coasts are relatively unclear, likely due to the fact that 18S rRNA metabarcoding targets a wide range of species (including almost all eukaryotic taxonomic groups), making it difficult to identify differences. On the other hand, MiFish analysis indicated that distributions of various fish species differed markedly between the east and west coasts of the island, suggesting a close relationship between differences in the coastal environment and the habitat selection by fish. We show that prokaryotic communities can be evaluated using eDNA analysis in order to monitor extensive geographic environments via water cycles. This can then be used to promote understanding of geographic variations of marine community structures of eukaryotes, including fish.
在本研究中，环境DNA被用于评估位于亚热带的日本冲绳岛南部的海洋生物多样性。对原核生物和真核生物进行了多样性分析。在冲绳岛西侧（一个受陆地来源负荷影响的地下水暴露区域）和东侧（一个珊瑚礁、海滩和海草床共存的区域）之间检测到了多样性差异。特别是，对其进行了16S rRNA宏条形码分析的原核生物群落组成在该岛的东侧和西侧之间存在显著差异。东西海岸真核生物群落组成的差异相对不明确，这可能是由于18S rRNA宏条形码分析针对的物种范围广泛（包括几乎所有真核生物分类群），使得难以识别差异。另一方面，MiFish分析表明，该岛东西海岸各种鱼类的分布存在显著差异，这表明沿海环境差异与鱼类的栖息地选择之间存在密切关系。我们表明，可以使用环境DNA分析来评估原核生物群落，以便通过水循环监测广泛的地理环境。然后，这可用于促进对包括鱼类在内的真核生物海洋群落结构地理变异的理解。
