Nagel Juliane, Morgan David Philip, Gürsoy Necati Çağatay, Sander Samuel, Kern Simon, Feld Gordon Benedikt
Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Commun Psychol. 2024 Apr 16;2(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s44271-024-00074-9.
Rewards paid out for successful retrieval motivate the formation of long-term memory. However, it has been argued that the Motivated Learning Task does not measure reward effects on memory strength but decision-making during retrieval. We report three large-scale online experiments in healthy participants (N = 200, N = 205, N = 187) that inform this debate. In experiment 1, we found that explicit stimulus-reward associations formed during encoding influence response strategies at retrieval. In experiment 2, reward affected memory strength and decision-making strategies. In experiment 3, reward affected decision-making strategies only. These data support a theoretical framework that assumes that promised rewards not only increase memory strength, but additionally lead to the formation of stimulus-reward associations that influence decisions at retrieval.
为成功检索而发放的奖励会促进长期记忆的形成。然而，有人认为动机学习任务衡量的不是奖励对记忆强度的影响，而是检索过程中的决策。我们报告了三项针对健康参与者（N = 200、N = 205、N = 187）的大规模在线实验，这些实验为这场辩论提供了依据。在实验1中，我们发现编码过程中形成的明确刺激-奖励关联会影响检索时的反应策略。在实验2中，奖励影响了记忆强度和决策策略。在实验3中，奖励仅影响决策策略。这些数据支持了一个理论框架，该框架假设承诺的奖励不仅会增强记忆强度，还会额外导致刺激-奖励关联的形成，从而影响检索时的决策。
