Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Pukou People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China.
Pharmacol Res. 2024 Oct;208:107399. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107399. Epub 2024 Sep 7.
One of the main underlying etiologies of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is insulin resistance, which is most frequently caused by obesity. Notably, the deregulation of adipokine secretion from visceral adiposity has been identified as a crucial characteristic of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Spexin is an adipokine that is released by many different tissues, including white adipocytes and the glandular stomach, and is negatively connected with the state of energy storage. This peptide acts through GALR2/3 receptors to control a wide range of metabolic processes, including inflammation, browning, lipolysis, energy expenditure, and eating behavior. Specifically, spexin can enter the hypothalamus and regulate the hypothalamic melanocortin system, which in turn balances energy expenditure and food intake. This review examines recent advances and the underlying mechanisms of spexin in obesity and T2DM. In particular, we address a range of topics from basic research to clinical findings, such as an analysis of the possible function of spexin in the hypothalamic melanocortin response, which involves reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure while also enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Gaining more insight into the mechanisms that underlie the spexin system's control over energy metabolism and homeostasis may facilitate the development of innovative treatment approaches that focus on combating obesity and diabetes.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的主要潜在病因之一是胰岛素抵抗，而肥胖是胰岛素抵抗最常见的原因。值得注意的是，内脏脂肪组织中脂联素分泌的失调已被确定为 2 型糖尿病和肥胖的一个重要特征。 Spexin 是一种由许多不同组织释放的脂肪因子，包括白色脂肪细胞和胃腺，与能量储存状态呈负相关。这种肽通过 GALR2/3 受体发挥作用，控制广泛的代谢过程，包括炎症、褐变、脂肪分解、能量消耗和进食行为。具体来说，Spexin 可以进入下丘脑并调节下丘脑黑皮质素系统，从而平衡能量消耗和食物摄入。本综述探讨了 Spexin 在肥胖和 T2DM 中的最新进展和潜在机制。特别是，我们从基础研究到临床发现，探讨了 Spexin 的一系列可能功能，如分析 Spexin 在下丘脑黑皮质素反应中的可能功能，这涉及减少能量摄入、增加能量消耗，同时增强胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量。深入了解 Spexin 系统控制能量代谢和体内平衡的机制，可能有助于开发以对抗肥胖和糖尿病为重点的创新治疗方法。
