Department of Physiology & Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California, USA.
Physiol Rep. 2024 Sep;12(17):e16183. doi: 10.14814/phy2.16183.
Diving marine mammals are a diverse group of semi- to completely aquatic species. Some species are targets of conservation and rehabilitation efforts; other populations are permanently housed under human care and may contribute to clinical and biomedical investigations. Veterinary medical care for species under human care, at times, may necessitate the use of general anesthesia for diagnostic and surgical indications. However, the unique physiologic and anatomic adaptations of one representative diving marine mammal, the bottlenose dolphin, present several challenges in providing ventilatory and cardiovascular support to maintain adequate organ perfusion under general anesthesia. The goal of this review is to highlight the unique cardiopulmonary adaptations of the completely aquatic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and to identify knowledge gaps in our understanding of how those adaptations influence their physiology and pose potential challenges for sedation and anesthesia of these mammals.
潜水海洋哺乳动物是一组多样化的半水生至完全水生物种。一些物种是保护和康复努力的目标；其他种群则永久性地被安置在人类的照顾下，可能为临床和生物医学研究做出贡献。在人类照顾下的物种的兽医医疗护理有时可能需要使用全身麻醉来进行诊断和手术。然而，一种代表性的潜水海洋哺乳动物，即宽吻海豚，具有独特的生理和解剖学适应性，这给在全身麻醉下提供通气和心血管支持以维持足够的器官灌注带来了一些挑战。本综述的目的是强调完全水生的宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus）的心肺独特适应性，并确定我们对这些适应性如何影响它们的生理学以及对这些哺乳动物的镇静和麻醉造成潜在挑战的理解方面的知识空白。
