Abdullah Nurzulaikha, Kueh Yee Cheng, Kuan Garry, Wong Mung Seong, Lee Yeong Yeh
Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Faculty of Data Science and Computing, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Malays J Med Sci. 2024 Aug;31(4):138-148. doi: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.4.11. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
Abdominal bloating (AB) is a common, bothersome symptom that negatively affects most adults. Although social support may help people suffering from AB, limited validated questionnaire is available. This study aimed to validate the newly developed Abdominal Bloating Social Support (SS-Bloat) scale for the Malaysian context.
We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we used purposive sampling and a self-administered questionnaire. Based on the literature review, experts' input and in-depth interviews, new items were generated for SS-Bloat scale. Content validity was assessed by experts and pre-tested with 30 individuals with AB. Construct validity was determined based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR).
During the development stage, eight items were generated for SS-Bloat scale and remained the same after content validity and pre-testing. A total of 152 participants with a mean age of 31.27 years old (68.3% female, 32.7% male) completed the questionnaire. Based on the EFA, three problematic items were removed. The total variance explained was 35.6% with acceptable reliability (α = 0.66). The model was then tested using CFA. The initial model did not fit the data well. After several model re-specifications, the final measurement model of SS-Bloat scale fit the data well with acceptable fit indices (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.994 and Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.984). The CR was satisfactory with value of 0.84.
SS-Bloat scale was deemed valid and reliable for assessing the level of social support among AB patients. The questionnaire can be useful for both research studies and clinical purposes, as it is easy to use.
腹胀是一种常见且令人困扰的症状，对大多数成年人有负面影响。尽管社会支持可能有助于腹胀患者，但可用的经过验证的问卷有限。本研究旨在验证新开发的针对马来西亚背景的腹胀社会支持（SS-Bloat）量表。
我们进行了一项横断面研究，采用目的抽样和自填式问卷。基于文献综述、专家意见和深入访谈，为SS-Bloat量表生成新条目。通过专家评估内容效度，并对30名腹胀患者进行预测试。基于探索性因素分析（EFA）和验证性因素分析（CFA）确定结构效度。基于Cronbach's alpha和组合信度（CR）确定信度。
在开发阶段，为SS-Bloat量表生成了8个条目，在内容效度和预测试后保持不变。共有152名参与者完成了问卷，平均年龄为31.27岁（女性占68.3%，男性占32.7%）。基于EFA，删除了3个有问题的条目。总方差解释率为35.6%，信度可接受（α = 0.66）。然后使用CFA对模型进行测试。初始模型与数据拟合不佳。经过几次模型重新设定，SS-Bloat量表的最终测量模型与数据拟合良好，拟合指数可接受（比较拟合指数[CFI] = 0.994，塔克-刘易斯指数[TLI] = 0.984）。CR值为0.84，令人满意。
SS-Bloat量表被认为在评估腹胀患者的社会支持水平方面有效且可靠。该问卷易于使用，对研究和临床目的均有用。
