The application of predictive value of diabetes autoantibody profile combined with clinical data and routine laboratory indexes in the classification of diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE

Currently, distinct use of clinical data, routine laboratory indicators or the detection of diabetic autoantibodies in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus is limited. Hence, this study was aimed to screen the indicators, and to establish and validate a multifactorial logistic regression model nomogram for the non-invasive differential prediction of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

Clinical data, routine laboratory indicators, and diabetes autoantibody profiles of diabetic patients admitted between September 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to select the independent influencing factors, and a prediction nomogram based on the multiple logistic regression model was constructed using these independent factors. Moreover, the predictive accuracy and clinical application value of the nomogram were evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curves (CIC).

RESULTS

A total of 522 diabetic patients were included in this study. These patients were randomized into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The predictors screened included age, prealbumin (PA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), islet cells autoantibodies (ICA), islets antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2A), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), and C-peptide levels. Based on these factors, a multivariate model nomogram was constructed, which had an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.966 and 0.961 for the training set and validation set, respectively. Subsequently, the calibration curves demonstrated a strong accuracy of the graph; the DCA and CIC results indicated that the graph could be used as a non-invasive valid predictive tool for the differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, clinically.

CONCLUSION

The established prediction model combining patient's age, PA, HDL-C, ICA, IA-2A, GADA, and C-peptide can assist in differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus and provides a basis for the clinical as well as therapeutic management of the disease.