Nasiri Ali, Fallah Sina, Sadeghpour Amir, Barani-Beiranvand Hossein
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Department of Plant, Soils, and Agricultural Systems, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 13;10(16):e36085. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36085. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.
Large quantities of chemical herbicides are used in agroecosystems every year, which not only imposes a significant financial burden on farmers but also leads to environmental pollution. To address this challenge, the present study aimed to replace Treflan with Fedaleh essential oils (EO). Treflan is a commonly used chemical herbicide for spring-summer crops, and has been chosen as a prevalent and abundant weed in many agricultural ecosystems. Four types of inhibitors, including Treflan herbicide and essential oils extracted from the leaf, stem, and flower of Fedaleh, were used in this experiment. These inhibitors were tested at five different concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 μL/mL. Based on GC-MS results, the key compounds found in Fedaleh EO were α-pinene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, linalool, sabinol, β-myrcene, neric acid, carvacrol, β-phellandrene, thymol, and spathulenol. A dose-dependent increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, and proline content was observed with Fedaleh EO or Treflan. However, a decline in cell viability, germination, radicle length, radicle weight, plumule length, plumule weight, and seedling vigor index was observed in a dose-dependent manner with Fedaleh EO or Treflan. The weight of the radicle and plumule was noticeably decreased by 27 %, 28 %, and 14 %, 19 % respectively when treated with essential oils derived from the stem and flower of the Fedaleh, as compared to Treflan. Interestingly, at concentrations of 5 μL/mL EO, the germination, radicle length, plumule length, and seedling vigor index significantly decreased by 64-72 %, 56-56 %, 41-44 % and 90-93 % % as compared with control, respectively. The essential oils extracted from different parts of Fedaleh showed no significant difference in terms of hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, cell viability, and proline content, compared to Treflan ( > 0.05). Compared to the control, Treflan did not affect germination ( > 0.05), but the EO of Fedaleh's different parts significantly inhibited germination ( < 0.05). The growth inhibitors at a concentration of ≥1 μL/mL significantly reduced the length of the radicle and plumule in . Overall, Fedaleh EO has significant potential as a growth inhibitor and oxidative stress inducer to prevent weed interference. This makes it a suitable option for the commercial production of a natural herbicide.
每年农业生态系统中都会使用大量化学除草剂，这不仅给农民带来了巨大的经济负担，还导致了环境污染。为应对这一挑战，本研究旨在用费代莱挥发油（EO）替代氟乐灵。氟乐灵是一种常用于春夏作物的化学除草剂，并且已被选为许多农业生态系统中一种常见且大量生长的杂草。本实验使用了四种抑制剂，包括氟乐灵除草剂以及从费代莱的叶、茎和花中提取的挥发油。这些抑制剂在五个不同浓度下进行测试：0、0.5、1、2和5μL/mL。基于气相色谱 - 质谱结果，在费代莱挥发油中发现的关键化合物有α - 蒎烯、α - 水芹烯、γ - 萜品烯、芳樟醇、桧醇、β - 月桂烯、壬酸、香芹酚、β - 水芹烯、百里香酚和匙叶桉油烯醇。使用费代莱挥发油或氟乐灵时，观察到过氧化氢、丙二醛、电解质渗漏和脯氨酸含量呈剂量依赖性增加。然而，使用费代莱挥发油或氟乐灵时，细胞活力、发芽率、胚根长度、胚根重量、胚芽长度、胚芽重量和幼苗活力指数呈剂量依赖性下降。与氟乐灵相比，用费代莱茎和花提取的挥发油处理时，胚根和胚芽的重量分别显著降低了27%、28%以及14%、19%。有趣的是，在挥发油浓度为5μL/mL时，与对照相比，发芽率、胚根长度、胚芽长度和幼苗活力指数分别显著下降了64 - 72%、56 - 56%、41 - 44%和90 - 93%。与氟乐灵相比，从费代莱不同部位提取的挥发油在过氧化氢、电解质渗漏、细胞活力和脯氨酸含量方面没有显著差异（>0.05）。与对照相比，氟乐灵不影响发芽率（>0.05），但费代莱不同部位的挥发油显著抑制发芽（<0.05）。浓度≥1μL/mL的生长抑制剂显著降低了胚根和胚芽的长度。总体而言，费代莱挥发油作为一种生长抑制剂和氧化应激诱导剂具有显著潜力，可防止杂草干扰。这使其成为天然除草剂商业生产的合适选择。
