Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024 Sep;35(9):e14237. doi: 10.1111/pai.14237.
A mother's diet during pregnancy may influence her infant's immune development. However, as potential interactions between components of our dietary intakes can make any nutritional analysis complex, here we took a multi-component dietary analysis approach.
Nutritional intake data was collected from 639 pregnant women using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to reflect their dietary intakes during 32-36 weeks of gestation. To investigate their dietary intake pattern, we calculated Dietary Inflammatory Index scores. Maternal consumption of 12 food groups, 20 individual whole foods, and 18 specific nutrient intakes, along with any vitamin and mineral supplementation, were determined. Infant outcomes included eczema, allergen sensitization, and IgE-mediated food allergy. Regression-based analyses with covariates adjustment were applied.
Women with higher white bread consumption were more likely to have an infant with doctor-diagnosed eczema (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.16; 95% CI 1.08, 1.24; p < .001) and IgE-mediated food allergy (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02, 1.28; p = .02). Higher maternal intakes of fiber-rich bread (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04, 1.25; p = .01) and legumes (aRR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02, 1.21; p = .02) were also associated with infant doctor-diagnosed eczema. Higher maternal thiamine intakes were associated with increased parent-reported infant eczema (aRR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03, 1.12; p < .001).
In Australia, where bread flour is fortified with thiamine, we identified consistent links between higher maternal thiamine-rich diets and increased risk of infant eczema and food allergy. Our results highlight a need for further investigation of potential effects of high thiamine exposures on immune development, especially in-utero.
母亲在怀孕期间的饮食可能会影响婴儿的免疫发育。然而，由于我们饮食摄入的各个成分之间可能存在潜在的相互作用，使得任何营养分析都变得复杂，因此我们采用了多成分饮食分析方法。
使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷，从 639 名孕妇那里收集营养摄入数据，以反映她们在妊娠 32-36 周期间的饮食摄入情况。为了研究她们的饮食摄入模式，我们计算了膳食炎症指数评分。确定了母亲消耗的 12 种食物组、20 种单一全食物和 18 种特定营养素摄入情况，以及任何维生素和矿物质补充剂的摄入情况。婴儿的结局包括湿疹、过敏原致敏和 IgE 介导的食物过敏。应用了基于回归的分析，并进行了协变量调整。
消耗更多白面包的女性更有可能出现医生诊断的湿疹婴儿（调整后的相对风险 [aRR] 1.16；95%CI 1.08，1.24；p<0.001）和 IgE 介导的食物过敏婴儿（aRR 1.14；95%CI 1.02，1.28；p=0.02）。较高的膳食纤维面包（aRR 1.14；95%CI 1.04，1.25；p=0.01）和豆类（aRR 1.11；95%CI 1.02，1.21；p=0.02）的摄入与婴儿医生诊断的湿疹也有关。较高的母体硫胺素摄入与父母报告的婴儿湿疹增加有关（aRR 1.08；95%CI 1.03，1.12；p<0.001）。
在澳大利亚，面包粉中添加了硫胺素，我们发现母亲富含硫胺素的饮食与婴儿湿疹和食物过敏风险增加之间存在一致的联系。我们的结果强调了需要进一步研究高硫胺素暴露对免疫发育的潜在影响，特别是在子宫内。
