Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900, Brazil.
Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 10;24(1):2465. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19957-x.
In Brazil, the prevalence of mental disorders is heterogeneous, with most studies conducted in large cities with high population density. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental disorders and psychiatric comorbidities among young adults (22-23 years old) and adults (37-38 years old) from Ribeirão Preto, a city located in the Northeast of the São Paulo state, with approximately 700,000 inhabitants, and to explore associations with sociodemographic variables, suicide risk, and health service usage. Second, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) as a screening tool for mental disorders to be applied to the local population.
Participants from the 1978/1979 and 1994 Ribeirão Preto birth cohorts were evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the SRQ-20 at mean ages of 22-23, and 37-38 years, respectively.
Our sample comprised 1,769 individuals from the 1978/1979 cohort and 1,037 from the 1994 cohort. The prevalence of mental disorders ranged from 28.6% (1978/79) to 31% (1994), with frequent comorbid diagnoses (42.7% and 43.3%, respectively). Men and women had a similar prevalence of mental disorders in the younger cohort, while women had a higher prevalence in the older cohort. Low educational attainment was associated with higher rates of diagnosis. In both cohorts, alcohol and other psychoactive substance use was higher among those with a psychiatric diagnosis. Although those with a psychiatric diagnosis were less satisfied with their own health, only one-fifth had seen a mental health professional in the previous year. A psychiatric diagnosis increased the suicide risk by 5.6 to 9.1 times. Regarding the SRQ-20, the best cutoff points were 5/6 for men and 7/8 for women, with satisfactory performance.
The prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders were high in both cohorts and comparable to those in larger Brazilian cities. However, few individuals with a diagnosis had sought specialized care. These data suggest that the mental health gap is still significant in Brazil.
在巴西，精神障碍的患病率存在差异，大多数研究都集中在人口密度较高的大城市进行。本研究旨在评估里贝朗普雷图市（位于巴西圣保罗州东北部，拥有约 70 万居民）22-23 岁的年轻成年人和 37-38 岁的成年人的精神障碍和精神共病患病率，并探讨与社会人口学变量、自杀风险和卫生服务使用的关联。其次，我们旨在评估自报告问卷（SRQ-20）作为一种适用于当地人群的精神障碍筛查工具的性能。
使用迷你国际神经精神访谈（MINI）和 SRQ-20 对 1978/1979 年和 1994 年里贝朗普雷图出生队列的参与者进行评估，平均年龄分别为 22-23 岁和 37-38 岁。
我们的样本包括 1978/1979 年队列的 1769 人和 1994 年队列的 1037 人。精神障碍的患病率范围为 28.6%（1978/79）至 31%（1994），且常伴有共病诊断（分别为 42.7%和 43.3%）。在年轻队列中，男性和女性的精神障碍患病率相似，而在年长队列中，女性的患病率更高。低教育程度与更高的诊断率相关。在两个队列中，精神障碍诊断者的酒精和其他精神活性物质使用频率更高。尽管精神障碍诊断者对自己的健康状况满意度较低，但只有五分之一的人在过去一年中看过心理健康专业人员。精神障碍诊断使自杀风险增加 5.6 至 9.1 倍。关于 SRQ-20，男性的最佳截断点为 5/6，女性为 7/8，表现良好。
两个队列的精神障碍患病率和共病率都很高，与巴西较大城市的患病率相当。然而，很少有被诊断出患有精神障碍的人寻求专业治疗。这些数据表明，巴西的心理健康差距仍然很大。
