School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Sep 10;22(1):552. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02746-4.
Natural Killer (NK) cells are exciting candidates for cancer immunotherapy with potent innate cytotoxicity and distinct advantages over T cells for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy. Concerns regarding the safety, cost, and scalability of viral vectors has ignited research into non-viral alternatives for gene delivery. This review comprehensively analyses recent advancements and challenges with non-viral genetic modification of NK cells for allogeneic CAR-NK therapies. Non-viral alternatives including electroporation and multifunctional nanoparticles are interrogated with respect to CAR expression and translational responses. Crucially, the link between NK cell biology and design of drug delivery technologies are made, which is essential for development of future non-viral approaches. This review provides valuable insights into the current state of non-viral CAR-NK cell engineering, aimed at realising the full potential of NK cell-based immunotherapies.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是癌症免疫疗法的热门候选者，具有强大的先天细胞毒性，并且在嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) 治疗方面优于 T 细胞。人们对病毒载体的安全性、成本和可扩展性表示担忧，这激发了对非病毒替代物用于基因传递的研究。本综述全面分析了用于同种异体 CAR-NK 疗法的 NK 细胞非病毒基因修饰的最新进展和挑战。本文探讨了电穿孔和多功能纳米粒子等非病毒替代物在 CAR 表达和转译反应方面的应用。至关重要的是，本文还探讨了 NK 细胞生物学与药物传递技术设计之间的联系，这对于开发未来的非病毒方法至关重要。本综述为非病毒 CAR-NK 细胞工程的现状提供了有价值的见解，旨在充分发挥基于 NK 细胞的免疫疗法的潜力。
