Dao T D
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1985 Apr;42(4):791-802.
A model for cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis (CBA-CEA) of pharmaceutical intervention is presented, and CBA-CEA research methods reported in the literature are reviewed. The cost versus benefit and the cost effectiveness of drug therapy can be analyzed in societal as well as private terms. Since CBA measures costs and outcomes in monetary terms, it can be used to compare net benefits of all types of interventions. CEA, however, can be used only in comparing alternative interventions that can produce a similar health outcome. Research activities needed for identification of treatment protocols, alternative therapies and their respective outcomes, and resource use are described. Quantification of benefits and costs is discussed and inherent strengths and weaknesses of CBA-CEA are summarized. For the wide variety of research activities involved in CBA-CEA, the expertise of economists, physicians, clinical pharmacists and pharmacologists, epidemiologists, sociologists, and psychologists is needed. Inherent in CBA-CEA for drug therapy are judgments, either by analysts or by policy decision makers, about how to value life, pain, anxiety, and happiness and how to distribute health-care resources. When results of CBA-CEA are presented and interpreted with care, this analysis can be an important tool for policy decision makers.
本文提出了一种药物干预成本效益分析和成本效果分析（CBA - CEA）模型，并对文献中报道的CBA - CEA研究方法进行了综述。药物治疗的成本与效益以及成本效果可以从社会和个人角度进行分析。由于CBA以货币形式衡量成本和结果，它可用于比较所有类型干预措施的净效益。然而，CEA仅可用于比较能产生相似健康结果的替代干预措施。文中描述了确定治疗方案、替代疗法及其各自结果以及资源使用所需的研究活动。讨论了效益和成本的量化，并总结了CBA - CEA固有的优缺点。对于CBA - CEA所涉及的各种各样的研究活动，需要经济学家、医生、临床药剂师和药理学家、流行病学家、社会学家以及心理学家的专业知识。药物治疗的CBA - CEA中，分析师或政策决策者需要对如何衡量生命、疼痛、焦虑和幸福以及如何分配医疗资源做出判断。当谨慎地呈现和解读CBA - CEA的结果时，这种分析可以成为政策决策者的重要工具。
