West Virginia University, Department of Ophthalmology, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Eye Associates of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2024 Nov 1;35(6):521-525. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000001080. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
Over the past two decades, the ophthalmic manifestations of West Nile virus have been more clearly established in the literature. This review aims to summarize its diagnosis and pathogenesis, with a focus on its clinical appearance, characteristic imaging features, and management.
Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus present early in the disease course and are more common in cases with severe neurological involvement. The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiogram (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) can aid in its diagnosis and management.
West Nile virus infection may present with ocular findings that include anterior uveitis, vitritis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, and optic neuropathy; visual prognosis can range from excellent to poor depending on severity of involvement and the presence of secondary complications, such as occlusive vasculitis and macular ischemia. Diagnosis may be aided by multimodal imaging assessment. The ophthalmologist should have a high clinical suspicion for ocular involvement in cases of severe systemic disease.
在过去的二十年中，西尼罗河病毒的眼部表现已在文献中得到更明确的阐述。本综述旨在总结其诊断和发病机制，重点关注其临床表现、特征性影像学特征和处理方法。
西尼罗河病毒的眼部表现出现在疾病早期，且在伴有严重神经受累的病例中更为常见。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）、光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCT-A）、眼底自发荧光（FAF）、荧光素血管造影（FA）和吲哚青绿血管造影（ICGA）的应用有助于其诊断和处理。
西尼罗河病毒感染可引起眼部表现，包括前葡萄膜炎、玻璃体炎、视网膜炎、脉络膜炎和视神经病变；视功能预后差异很大，取决于受累的严重程度和是否存在继发性并发症，如闭塞性血管炎和黄斑缺血。多模态影像学评估有助于诊断。对于严重全身疾病的病例，眼科医生应高度怀疑眼部受累。
