Adult Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Biomedical and Clinical Research Centre, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
BMJ Open. 2024 Sep 10;14(9):e087723. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087723.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a significant global health burden, particularly affecting individuals in developing countries with constrained healthcare resources. While research on self-management in the context of SCD is emerging, it has predominantly focused on primary studies. The aim of the scoping review was to identify and map self-management needs of individuals living with SCD, the strategies they employed to meet those needs, and the support interventions available to them.
The review was conducted following the Askey and O'Malley's framework to examine the landscape of SCD self-management research. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Dimensions AI, with additional searches in other databases from inception to June 2024 included. Evidence from 14 studies was synthesised to identify self-management needs, strategies and interventions for individuals with SCD.
The review identified diverse self-management needs among individuals with SCD, including knowledge deficits, emotional challenges, physical limitations and barriers to healthcare access. Various self-management strategies were reported, such as nutritional management, psychological coping techniques and proactive healthcare management. Self-management interventions, predominantly delivered by healthcare professionals, focused on providing education, skills training and support to individuals with SCD. The outcomes of self-management interventions consistently demonstrated significant improvements across various dimensions, including self-efficacy, knowledge enhancement, self-care practices and psychological well-being among individuals with SCD.
This scoping review underscores the importance of addressing the diverse self-management needs of individuals with SCD through tailored interventions and support systems to enhance overall well-being and disease management. Healthcare professionals should prioritise the implementation of multidisciplinary self-management interventions that encompass medical, emotional and social aspects of care to effectively support individuals with SCD in managing their condition. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effectiveness of self-management interventions in improving patient outcomes.
镰状细胞病（SCD）对全球健康构成重大负担，尤其影响医疗资源有限的发展中国家的个体。尽管 SCD 背景下的自我管理研究不断涌现，但主要集中在基础研究上。本综述旨在确定和描绘 SCD 患者的自我管理需求、他们用来满足这些需求的策略以及可获得的支持干预措施。
本综述遵循 Askey 和 O'Malley 的框架进行，以检查 SCD 自我管理研究的现状。在 PubMed、Scopus、Embase 和 Dimensions AI 中进行了检索，并包括从开始到 2024 年 6 月的其他数据库的额外检索。综合了 14 项研究的证据，以确定 SCD 个体的自我管理需求、策略和干预措施。
本综述确定了 SCD 个体存在多样化的自我管理需求，包括知识不足、情绪挑战、身体限制和医疗保健获取障碍。报告了各种自我管理策略，如营养管理、心理应对技巧和积极的医疗保健管理。自我管理干预措施主要由医疗保健专业人员提供，重点是为 SCD 个体提供教育、技能培训和支持。自我管理干预措施的结果一致表明，在 SCD 个体的自我效能感、知识增强、自我护理实践和心理健康等各个方面都有显著改善。
本范围综述强调通过量身定制的干预措施和支持系统来满足 SCD 个体多样化的自我管理需求，以提高整体幸福感和疾病管理。医疗保健专业人员应优先实施多学科自我管理干预措施，涵盖医疗、情感和社会护理方面，以有效支持 SCD 个体管理其病情。未来的研究应关注纵向研究，以评估自我管理干预措施在改善患者结局方面的长期效果。
