Jalil Sanaullah, Nazir Muhammad Mudassir, Eweda Mohamed A, Zulfiqar Faisal, Ali Hayssam M, Yong Jean Wan Hong, Jin Xiaoli
The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 10;10(16):e36093. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36093. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.
Rice is a globally important food crop which is sensitive to the presence of a metalloid, arsenic (As). There is limited research pertaining to identifying relevant As-tolerant rice germplasm in adaptive breeding research initiatives, despite the fact that As contamination in rice has long been known. This study served to identify the growth performance of different rice genotypes under high levels of As. Rice seed germination analysis (germination percentage, GP) was performed to categorize the eight different rice genotypes and growing under varying As levels including As, 25 μM and As, 50 μM. The Zhenong 41 was identified as the highly tolerant genotypes with lowest decrease in GP by 87 %, plant height (PH) by 26 %, and dry weight (DW) by 16 %; while 9311 was observed to be the most sensitive genotype with highest reduction in GP by 44 %, PH by 48 % and DW by 54 % under As stress conditions, compared to control treatment. The higher As stress treatment delivered more adverse growth inhibitory effects than the rice plants cultivated under As. Specifically, the As-sensitive rice genotype 9311 showed significantly higher decrease in foliar chlorophyll contents relative to the other genotypes, especially Zhenong 41 (As-tolerant). During exposure to high As levels, the rice genotype 9311 significantly modulated and augmented the production of MDA and HO by stimulating the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT. This study revealed interesting insights into the responses of rice genotypes to variable As stresses throughout the various growth stages. Overall, the findings of this study could be harnessed to support any ongoing As-tolerant rice breeding agendas for cultivation in As-polluted environments.
水稻是一种全球重要的粮食作物，对类金属砷（As）的存在敏感。尽管长期以来人们都知道水稻中存在砷污染，但在适应性育种研究项目中，关于鉴定相关耐砷水稻种质的研究有限。本研究旨在确定不同水稻基因型在高砷水平下的生长表现。进行了水稻种子发芽分析（发芽率，GP），以对8种不同水稻基因型进行分类，并在不同砷水平下生长，包括25μM砷和50μM砷。浙农41被鉴定为高度耐受基因型，其发芽率降低87%、株高（PH）降低26%、干重（DW）降低16%，降幅最小；而9311被观察到是最敏感的基因型，在砷胁迫条件下，与对照处理相比，其发芽率降低44%、株高降低48%、干重降低54%，降幅最大。较高的砷胁迫处理比在低砷条件下种植的水稻植株产生了更不利的生长抑制作用。具体而言，对砷敏感的水稻基因型9311相对于其他基因型，尤其是浙农41（耐砷型），其叶片叶绿素含量显著下降。在暴露于高砷水平期间，水稻基因型9311通过刺激过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，显著调节并增加了丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（HO）的产生。本研究揭示了水稻基因型在各个生长阶段对不同砷胁迫反应的有趣见解。总体而言，本研究结果可用于支持任何正在进行的耐砷水稻育种计划，以便在砷污染环境中种植。
