Flow structure of okra mucilage in rotating wall vessel system.

The rotating-wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, a 3D suspension culture system, faces challenges related to non-uniform tissue growth during the incubation of bone and heart tissues. Okra mucilage, an extract from okra pods with non-Newtonian rheological properties, has shown potential as a plasma replacement agent and has no induced cytotoxic effects. In this study, we investigated the flow structure of okra mucilage in rotating wall vessel system. By modifying the RWV and adding okra mucilage, we analyzed the flow structure using a high-speed camera and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Our results showed that okra mucilage creates a concentric circle-shaped rigid-like rotation at all rotation speeds (1-50 rpm). The high viscosity of okra mucilage resulted in a low terminal velocity for microparticles and quick response to rotational movements. These findings suggest that okra mucilage has the potential to enhance the uniformity of tissue growth in RWV systems by stabilizing the flow structure and reducing microparticle sedimentation.