Human papilloma virus vaccination in the resource-limited settings of sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and recommendations.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause 99% of all cervical cancer cases globally, with the high-risk genotypes 16 and 18 causing at least 70% of these cases. An estimated 90% of the global cervical cancer burden occurs in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Primary prevention through the administration of efficacious HPV vaccines is key to the World Health Organization's global strategy for accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer as a disease of public health concern. The rollout of HPV vaccination in SSA is faced with several challenges, such as the high cost of vaccine procurement, a lack of funding and political will from the central governments of countries, and inadequate infrastructure for vaccine cold chain storage and transport. Stigma, misinformation, lack of education and awareness, and vaccine hesitancy constitute the social factors that affect the successful rollout or implementation of vaccination programs in SSA. Based on the challenges SSA faces in rolling out HPV vaccination, we recommend using strategies that address both the demand-side and supply-side obstacles to HPV vaccination uptake. These include costs and availability, fighting vaccine hesitancy, and increasing vaccine confidence.