Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA.
Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2024 Nov;193:114999. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114999. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
A clear answer on whether vaping is safe and, if not, to what degree it threatens human health and well-being, still needs to be communicated. Such an answer requires collecting, analyzing, and interpreting sometimes conflicting and indeterminate results. This paper reviews the most recently published research articles that examine vaping toxicities. It highlights the differences in the techniques employed from one paper to another. While e-cigarettes do not appear to cause the same degree of harm as cigarettes, they pose a real biological threat regarding inflammation, oxidative stress, mucociliary interference, and membrane damage. The concentration of nicotine present is directly related to these endpoints and is often higher in fourth-generation devices. However, third-generation devices can do more harm than their successors, possibly due to their high voltage and low resistance capabilities. In addition to nicotine, the flavorants used in e-cigarettes have also been shown to relate to biological stress, and the adverse health effects increase in vape formulations with higher concentrations and numbers of flavor types. Different biological models also yield different health effects, especially when comparing bronchial and alveolar cells or tissues. To universalize the results of vape experiments, researchers should seek greater consistency within the experimental design. Key methodological variables must be recognized and disclosed in future research, including puff duration and number, types of e-cigarettes and e-liquids being tested, device settings during aerosolization, and any details of the employed exposure method that may affect dosimetry.
关于 vaping 是否安全，以及如果不安全，其对人类健康和福祉的威胁程度如何，仍然需要给出明确的答案。要得到这样的答案，需要收集、分析和解释有时相互矛盾且不确定的结果。本文回顾了最近发表的研究 vaping 毒性的文章，突出了不同文章中使用的技术的差异。虽然电子烟似乎不会造成与香烟相同程度的危害，但它们在炎症、氧化应激、黏液纤毛干扰和膜损伤方面确实构成了真正的生物威胁。存在的尼古丁浓度直接与这些终点相关，并且在第四代设备中通常更高。然而，第三代设备可能比它们的后续设备造成更大的危害，这可能是由于其高电压和低电阻能力。除了尼古丁之外，电子烟中使用的调味剂也被证明与生物应激有关，并且随着电子烟配方中浓度和口味类型的增加，其对健康的不良影响也会增加。不同的生物模型也会产生不同的健康影响，特别是在比较支气管和肺泡细胞或组织时。为了使 vape 实验的结果具有普遍性，研究人员应该在实验设计中寻求更大的一致性。必须认识和披露未来研究中的关键方法学变量，包括吸气流速和次数、正在测试的电子烟和电子烟液的类型、气溶胶化期间的设备设置，以及可能影响剂量学的任何暴露方法的详细信息。
