Breaking barriers in cancer management: The promising role of microsphere conjugates in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Cancer is a significant worldwide health concern, and there is a demand for ongoing breakthroughs in treatment techniques. Microspheres are among the most studied drug delivery platforms for delivering cargo to a specified location over an extended period of time. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, and capable of surface modifications. Microspheres and their conjugates have emerged as potential cancer therapeutic options throughout the years. This review provides an in-depth look at the current advancements and applications of microspheres and their conjugates in cancer treatment. The review encompasses a wide array of conjugates, ranging from polymers such as ethyl cellulose and Eudragit to stimuli-responsive polymers, proteins, peptides, polysaccharides such as HA and chitosan, inorganic metals, aptamers, quantum dots (QDs), biomimetic conjugates, and radio conjugates designed for radioembolization. Conjugated microspheres precisely deliver chemotherapeutics to the intended target while achieving controlled drug release to prevent side effects. It offers a means of integrating several distinct therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, etc.) to provide synergistic effects during cancer treatment. This review offers insights into the prospects and evolving role of microspheres and their conjugates in the dynamic landscape of cancer therapy. This review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians working towards advancements in cancer treatment through innovative applications in therapy and translational research.