Panou Theodoros, Roukas Konstantinos, Chadia Konstantina, Nena Evangelia, Gouveri Evanthia, Papanas Nikolaos, Steiropoulos Paschalis
Deparment of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2025 Jan;133(1):40-50. doi: 10.1055/a-2414-5487. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is regarded as a major health condition, progressively affecting an increased number of people around the world. The interplay between OSA and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively studied. However, little is known about the relationship between OSA and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This review provides insight into the prevalence of OSA in T1DM and its relationship with diabetic complications. Studies have hitherto yielded contradictory results on the occurrence of OSA in T1DM. Indeed, the risk of OSA in T1DM has ranged from 1 in 10 to more than 1 in 2 T1DM subjects. This high occurrence was confirmed by objective polysomnography as well as widely used subjective questionnaires. Multiple studies revealed the important correlation between OSA and diabetes complications. Both microvascular (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular complications appear to be associated with OSA occurrence, although some associations were not significant due to inadequate data. In conclusion, T1DM subjects carry a higher risk of undiagnosed OSA. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact correlation between the two conditions.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）被视为一种主要的健康问题，在全球范围内逐渐影响着越来越多的人。OSA与2型糖尿病（T2DM）之间的相互作用已得到广泛研究。然而，关于OSA与1型糖尿病（T1DM）之间的关系却知之甚少。本综述深入探讨了T1DM中OSA的患病率及其与糖尿病并发症的关系。迄今为止，关于T1DM中OSA的发生情况，研究得出了相互矛盾的结果。事实上，T1DM患者中OSA的风险范围从十分之一到超过二分之一不等。客观多导睡眠图以及广泛使用的主观问卷都证实了这种高发生率。多项研究揭示了OSA与糖尿病并发症之间的重要关联。微血管并发症（肾病、神经病变和视网膜病变）和大血管并发症似乎都与OSA的发生有关，尽管由于数据不足，一些关联并不显著。总之，T1DM患者未被诊断出OSA的风险更高。需要进一步的研究来阐明这两种疾病的确切关联。
