Mok Yingjuan, Tan Chee Wei, Wong Hang Siang, How Choon How, Tan Kah Leong Alvin, Hsu Pon Poh
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
Family Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
Singapore Med J. 2017 Apr;58(4):179-183. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2017027.
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), a sleep-related breathing condition, is diagnosed based on a patient's apnoea-hypopnea index from a sleep study, and the presence or absence of symptoms. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and OSA share a significant common risk factor, obesity, with all three conditions contributing to the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiological links between OSA and DM are still unclear, but intermittent hypoxia may be an important mechanism. More awareness of the possible link between OSA and DM is needed, given their increasing prevalence locally and worldwide. Continuous positive airway pressure is the standard treatment for OSA, while weight loss through dietary and lifestyle modifications is important to holistically manage patients with either condition. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the benefits of screening every diabetic patient for OSA. However, diabetic patients with symptoms suggestive of OSA should be referred to a sleep specialist for further evaluation.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种与睡眠相关的呼吸疾病,根据患者睡眠研究中的呼吸暂停低通气指数以及症状的有无来诊断。糖尿病(DM)和OSA有一个显著的共同风险因素——肥胖,这三种情况都会增加患心血管疾病的风险。OSA和DM之间的病理生理联系尚不清楚,但间歇性缺氧可能是一个重要机制。鉴于OSA和DM在本地和全球的患病率都在上升,需要更多地了解它们之间可能存在的联系。持续气道正压通气是OSA的标准治疗方法,而通过饮食和生活方式改变来减轻体重对于全面管理患有这两种疾病的患者很重要。目前没有足够的证据支持对每一位糖尿病患者进行OSA筛查的益处。然而,有OSA症状的糖尿病患者应转诊至睡眠专科医生处进行进一步评估。