Almoammar Salem, Alnazeh Abdullah A, Kamran Muhammad Abdullah, Al Jearah Mohammed Mohsen, Qasim Muhammad, Abdulla Anshad M
Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Preventive Dentistry Department, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Microsc Res Tech. 2025 Jan;88(1):213-223. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24687. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
To assess micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), microleakage (ML) antibacterial efficacy, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel with different concentrations of photoactivated riboflavin-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) nanospheres (NS) (0%,1%,5% and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF alone in orthodontic adhesive. Samples were included on the predefined inclusion criteria and positioned up to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Hydroxy apatite nanospheres (HANS) commercially bought were doped with RF. Surface characterization of HANS and RF-doped HANS were assessed along with EDX analysis. Samples were grouped based on experimental orthodontic adhesive modification. Group 1: Transbond XT no modification, Group 2: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF, Group 3: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 1% HANS, Group 4: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt % RF-doped 5% HANS and Group 5: Experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 10% HANS. Brackets were placed based on different adhesive modifications and samples underwent thermocycling. Samples were evaluated for μTBS, DC, and ML. The type of failure was assessed using ARI. Adhesive modified and un-modified in four different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF only were used to test efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). The survival rate of S.mutans and ML was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. For the analysis of μTBS, ANOVA was employed, followed by a post-hoc Tukey HSD multiple comparisons test. The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only. The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 10% HANS. Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC. Photoactivated RF-doped HANS in 1% and 0.5 wt% Riboflavin alone in orthodontic adhesive for metallic bracket bonding improved micro tensile bond strength, ML, DC, and antibacterial scores. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only. The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 10% HA-NS. Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC.
为评估不同浓度的光活化核黄素掺杂羟基磷灰石（HA）纳米球（NS）（0%、1%、5%和10%）以及正畸粘合剂中单独0.5 wt%核黄素（RF）对正畸托槽与牙釉质的微拉伸粘结强度（μTBS）、转化率（DC）、微渗漏（ML）、抗菌效果和粘结剂残留指数（ARI）。根据预定义的纳入标准纳入样本，并将其放置至牙骨质牙釉质界（CEJ）。购买的商业羟基磷灰石纳米球（HANS）用RF进行掺杂。对HANS和RF掺杂的HANS进行表面表征并进行能谱分析。样本根据实验性正畸粘合剂改性进行分组。第1组：未改性的Transbond XT，第2组：实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF，第3组：实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF掺杂1% HANS，第4组：实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF掺杂5% HANS，第5组：实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF掺杂10% HANS。根据不同的粘合剂改性放置托槽，样本进行热循环处理。对样本进行μTBS、DC和ML评估。使用ARI评估失败类型。在四种不同浓度（0%、1%、5%和10%）下改性和未改性的粘合剂以及仅0.5 wt% RF用于测试对变形链球菌（S.mutans）的效果。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验确定变形链球菌的存活率和ML。对于μTBS分析，采用方差分析，随后进行事后Tukey HSD多重比较检验。仅在第2组实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF中观察到最高的μTBS和最低的ML。在第5组实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF掺杂10% HANS中观察到最低的μTBS、最高的ML和最低的DC。在第1组中使用Transbond XT作为粘合剂的样本中，变形链球菌的微生物计数和DC显著最高。在正畸粘合剂中用于金属托槽粘结的1%光活化RF掺杂HANS和仅0.5 wt%核黄素提高了微拉伸粘结强度、ML、DC和抗菌评分。研究亮点：仅在第2组实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF中观察到最高的μTBS和最低的ML。在第5组实验性Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF掺杂10% HA-NS中观察到最低的μTBS、最高的ML和最低的DC。在第1组中使用Transbond XT作为粘合剂的样本中，变形链球菌的微生物计数和DC显著最高。
