Cecchin Hareli Fernanda Garcia, da Costa Hellen Emily Rodrigues, Pacheco Gabriela Ramos, de Valencia Gabriel Barcellos, Murta Sheila Giardini
PROEST, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Quadra 109 Norte, Av. NS 15, ALCNO-14, Bloco da Reitoria, Térreo, Plano Diretor Norte, Palmas, TO, CEP 77001-090, Brazil.
Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2024 Sep 13;37(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s41155-024-00315-0.
Mental health professionals, teachers, families, and public administrators are concerned about suicide rates among young people, particularly in the university context. For every ten college students worldwide, three attempt suicide in their lifetime, and two experience suicidal ideation. Reducing these rates requires interventions that recognize the problem in terms of risk factors and protective factors.
The general aim of the study was to map the protective factors for suicide among college students, as perceived by them, mental health professionals, and coordinators of undergraduate courses in a public university in the North of Brazil.
The study followed an exploratory, mixed-method design. Data were collected through interviews and the application of a questionnaire with 54 participants, including college students (n = 20), mental health professionals (n = 22), and course coordinators (n = 12). Data were analyzed using Content Analysis and simple descriptive statistics.
The findings show that the protective factors for suicide most cited among the three groups were social support, strengthening of internal resources, institutional support, and finding meaning about the change to enter the university. Although the three audiences did not converge, the protective factors also frequently reported were psychological treatment, leisure activities, religious engagement, medical treatment, civic engagement, employability, opportunities for social ascension offered by the university, and quality family relationships.
It is suggested that these protective factors are considered when formulating policies to promote mental health and suicide prevention in the university environment.
心理健康专业人员、教师、家庭和公共管理人员都关注年轻人的自杀率，尤其是在大学环境中。全球每十名大学生中，就有三人在一生中尝试自杀，两人有过自杀念头。降低这些比率需要采取干预措施，从风险因素和保护因素的角度认识这个问题。
本研究的总体目标是梳理出大学生认为的自杀保护因素，这些因素是由他们自己、心理健康专业人员以及巴西北部一所公立大学本科课程的协调员所感知到的。
本研究采用探索性混合方法设计。通过访谈和对54名参与者进行问卷调查来收集数据，这些参与者包括大学生（n = 20）、心理健康专业人员（n = 22）和课程协调员（n = 12）。使用内容分析法和简单描述性统计对数据进行分析。
研究结果表明，三组中最常被提及的自杀保护因素是社会支持、内部资源的强化、机构支持以及找到进入大学这一转变的意义。尽管这三类受众的看法并未趋同，但也经常被提及的保护因素还有心理治疗、休闲活动、宗教参与、医疗治疗、公民参与、就业能力、大学提供的社会晋升机会以及良好的家庭关系。
建议在制定促进大学环境中心理健康和预防自杀的政策时考虑这些保护因素。
