Al-Ani Safa Ali, Lee Qiao Ying, Maheswaran Danesha, Sin Yuh Miin, Loh Jian Sheng, Foo Jhi Biau, Hamzah Sharina, Ng Jeck Fei, Tan Li Kar Stella
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong, 08100, Semeling, Kedah Darulaman, Malaysia.
Mol Biotechnol. 2024 Sep 13. doi: 10.1007/s12033-024-01268-6.
Exosomes are small vesicles that form when multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and are released into body fluids. They play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells by transferring different biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, over both short and long distances. They also function as vital mediators in both states of health and disease, exerting an impact on several physiological processes. Exosomes have been modified to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes to enhance their potential as carriers for drug delivery systems, and these modifications aim to improve the drug delivery efficiency, enhance tissue and organ targeting, and prolong the circulating half-life of exosomes. This review discussed recent advancements in exosome nanotechnology, as well as the progression and use of exosomes for drug delivery. The potential commercialisation and challenges associated with the use of exosome-based drug delivery systems were also discussed, aiming to motivate the development of exosome-based theranostic nanoplatforms and nanotechnology for improved healthcare treatments.
外泌体是多泡体与质膜融合时形成的小囊泡，并释放到体液中。它们通过在短距离和长距离内传递不同的生物分子（包括DNA、RNA、蛋白质和脂质），在促进细胞间通讯方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们在健康和疾病状态下均作为重要的介质，对多种生理过程产生影响。外泌体已被修饰以克服天然外泌体的局限性，从而增强其作为药物递送系统载体的潜力，这些修饰旨在提高药物递送效率、增强组织和器官靶向性以及延长外泌体的循环半衰期。本文综述了外泌体纳米技术的最新进展，以及外泌体在药物递送方面的进展和应用。还讨论了基于外泌体的药物递送系统的潜在商业化及相关挑战，旨在推动基于外泌体的治疗诊断纳米平台和纳米技术的发展，以改善医疗保健治疗。
