Mohseni Amirata, Salehi Fatemeh, Rostami Samaneh, Hadiloo Kaveh, Hashemi Mehrdad, Baridjavadi Zahra, Ahangari Fatemeh, Karami Najibeh, Samani Fatemeh, Tahmasebi Safa, Farahani Najma, Taheriazam Afshin
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Jan 7;16(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13287-024-04125-0.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin released by various cell types. They consist of lipid bilayers containing macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, microRNAs, growth factors, cytokines, and carbohydrates. Exosomes play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. For instance, exosome contents have been utilized as biomarkers in body fluids (urine, saliva, serum) to identify cancers, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory conditions such as sepsis. Due to their small size and ability to reach tumor microenvironments, exosomes are also used as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs in drug delivery systems. Furthermore, evidence indicates that malignant cells release exosomes into the tumor microenvironment, influencing immune cells in a paracrine manner. Additionally, immune cell-derived exosomes, such as those from Natural Killer (NK) cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), show potential as therapeutic agents in treating malignancies like leukemia. This review discusses the diagnostic role of exosomes in various hematological malignancies and explores the therapeutic potential of immune cell-derived exosomes in these diseases.
外泌体是由多种细胞类型释放的内吞来源的小细胞外囊泡。它们由包含脂质、蛋白质、微小RNA、生长因子、细胞因子和碳水化合物等大分子的脂质双层组成。外泌体在各种疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥着关键作用。例如，外泌体内容物已被用作体液（尿液、唾液、血清）中的生物标志物，以识别癌症、自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病，如败血症。由于其体积小且能够到达肿瘤微环境，外泌体还被用作药物递送系统中化疗药物的载体。此外，有证据表明恶性细胞将外泌体释放到肿瘤微环境中，以旁分泌方式影响免疫细胞。此外，免疫细胞衍生的外泌体，如来自自然杀伤（NK）细胞或细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的外泌体，在治疗白血病等恶性肿瘤方面显示出作为治疗剂的潜力。本文综述讨论了外泌体在各种血液系统恶性肿瘤中的诊断作用，并探讨了免疫细胞衍生的外泌体在这些疾病中的治疗潜力。
