Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Caixa Postal 126, Montes Claros, MG, 39401089, Brazil.
Oecologia. 2024 Oct;206(1-2):199-210. doi: 10.1007/s00442-024-05619-7. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
Fire is a major ecological and evolutionary factor promoting biodiversity and maintaining functioning of naturally fire-prone ecosystems. In tropical savannas, plant communities show a set of fire-adapted traits and both flowering and pollination services have the potential to rapidly regenerate after fire, but fire-suppression policies may disrupt this adaptability following potential woody encroachment. Understanding the effects of fire on plant-pollinator interactions are required to advance conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We evaluated the dynamics of plant community assemblage, flower availability, composition of flower functional traits associated with attractiveness to pollinators, and activity and diversity of insect pollinator guilds over ten post-fire stand ages along a 14-year chronosequence in a naturally burned region in the Cerrado, a megadiverse savanna in Brazil. We expect to find a high resilience of plant-pollinator communities and a steady decline in the successional recovery as time-since-fire proceeds. Along the post-fire chronosequence, vegetation was dominated by subshrubs with tubular, white, and nectar flowers arranged in inflorescences, while bees were the predominant pollinators. Plant assemblage and flower number showed an initial significant increase but monotonically declined after 7-9 years after fire. Accordingly, pollinator richness and abundance significantly reached highest peaks in interim periods and a steady decline over time. In contrast, the frequency of community-wide plant-life form, flower functional traits, and pollinator diversity remained unaltered over the post-fire chronosequence. We added compelling evidence of a high post-fire resilience of plant-pollinator communities and further understanding of how fire-suppression policies may affect pollination in the Cerrado.
火是促进生物多样性和维持自然火灾生态系统功能的主要生态和进化因素。在热带稀树草原,植物群落表现出一系列适应火的特征,并且在火灾后,开花和授粉服务都有可能迅速再生,但抑制火灾的政策可能会破坏潜在木本入侵后的这种适应性。为了推进生物多样性和生态系统功能的保护,需要了解火对植物-传粉者相互作用的影响。我们评估了植物群落组合、花的可利用性、与传粉者吸引力相关的花功能特征的组成、以及昆虫传粉者群体的活动和多样性在巴西塞拉多一个自然燃烧区的 14 年时间序列中的 10 个不同火烧后林龄的动态。我们预计会发现植物-传粉者群落具有高弹性,并且随着时间的推移,演替恢复会稳步下降。沿着火烧后时间序列,植被主要由亚灌木组成,具有管状、白色和花蜜花排列在花序中,而蜜蜂是主要的传粉者。植物组合和花的数量最初显著增加,但在火灾后 7-9 年后单调下降。相应地,传粉者丰富度和丰度在中期显著达到最高峰值,并随着时间的推移而稳定下降。相比之下,社区范围内植物生活型、花功能特征和传粉者多样性的频率在火烧后时间序列中保持不变。我们提供了有力的证据,证明了植物-传粉者群落具有高火灾后弹性,并且进一步了解了火灾抑制政策可能如何影响塞拉多的传粉。