Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;279(Pt 4):135541. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135541. Epub 2024 Sep 11.
Over the past few decades, research on cancer immunotherapy has firmly established immune cells as key players in effective cancer treatment. Peptide vaccines directly targeting immune cells have demonstrated immense potential due to their specificity and applicability. However, developing peptide vaccines to generate tumor-reactive T cells remains challenging, primarily due to suboptimal immunogenicity and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss various elements of effective peptide vaccines, including antigen selection, peptide epitope optimization, vaccine adjuvants, and the combination of multiple immunotherapies, in addition to recent advances in tumor neoantigens as well as epitopes bound by non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, to increase the understanding of cancer peptide vaccines and provide multiple references for the design of subsequent T cell-based peptide vaccines.
在过去的几十年中，癌症免疫疗法的研究已经明确了免疫细胞是有效癌症治疗的关键因素。直接针对免疫细胞的肽疫苗由于其特异性和适用性而显示出巨大的潜力。然而，开发产生肿瘤反应性 T 细胞的肽疫苗仍然具有挑战性，主要是由于其免疫原性不理想和克服免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有效的肽疫苗的各种要素，包括抗原选择、肽表位优化、疫苗佐剂以及多种免疫疗法的结合，此外还讨论了肿瘤新抗原和与非经典人类白细胞抗原（HLA）分子结合的表位的最新进展，以增加对癌症肽疫苗的理解，并为后续基于 T 细胞的肽疫苗设计提供多个参考。
