Department of Gastrology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Scand J Immunol. 2020 Jun;91(6):e12875. doi: 10.1111/sji.12875. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
In recent years, relying on the human immune system to kill tumour cells has become an effective means of cancer treatment. The development of peptide vaccines, which not only break the immune tolerance of a tumour but also attack malignant cells via specific antitumour immunity, has received increased attention in tumour immunization therapy due to their safety and easy preparation. The use of large-scale sequencing technology enables the continuous discovery of new tumour antigens. With improved accuracy of epitope prediction by computer simulation and the usage of a tetramer assay, cytotoxic lymphocyte epitopes can be screened and identified more easily. Transmembrane peptide and nanoparticle technologies promote more effective intake and delivery of antigens. Consequently, considerable evolution from universal to personalized peptide vaccines has taken place, and such vaccines induce an efficient and specific immune response targeting tumour neoantigens. Recently, genomic analysis and bioinformatics approaches have greatly facilitated the breakthrough of personalized peptide vaccines targeting neoantigens, resulting in a renewed interest in this field. Further, the combination of tumour peptide vaccines with checkpoint blockades may improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the development of tumour peptide vaccines and the new technological progress, from universalization to personalization, to highlight the substantial promise of tumour peptide vaccines in clinical cancer immunotherapy.
近年来，利用人体免疫系统杀伤肿瘤细胞已成为癌症治疗的有效手段。由于肽疫苗具有安全性好、易于制备等优点，不仅能打破肿瘤的免疫耐受，还能通过特异性抗肿瘤免疫攻击恶性细胞，因此在肿瘤免疫治疗中受到越来越多的关注。利用大规模测序技术不断发现新的肿瘤抗原，通过计算机模拟提高表位预测的准确性，并使用四聚体检测方法，更易于筛选和鉴定细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞表位。跨膜肽和纳米颗粒技术促进了抗原更有效的摄取和递呈。因此，从通用型到个体化肽疫苗已经有了相当大的发展，这些疫苗针对肿瘤新生抗原诱导有效的、特异性的免疫反应。最近，基因组分析和生物信息学方法极大地促进了针对新生抗原的个体化肽疫苗的突破，使该领域重新受到关注。此外，肿瘤肽疫苗与检查点阻断的联合应用可能改善患者的预后。本文讨论了肿瘤肽疫苗的发展及新技术进展，从通用化到个体化，突出了肿瘤肽疫苗在临床癌症免疫治疗中的巨大应用潜力。
