Talapko Jasminka, Erić Suzana, Meštrović Tomislav, Stipetić Marinka Mravak, Juzbašić Martina, Katalinić Darko, Bekić Sanja, Muršić Dora, Flam Josipa, Belić Dino, Lešić Davor, Fureš Rajko, Markanović Manda, Škrlec Ivana
Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Aug 28;16(17):2997. doi: 10.3390/cancers16172997.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Although the oral cavity is an easily accessible area for visual examination, the OSCC is more often detected at an advanced stage. The global prevalence of OSCC is around 6%, with increasing trends posing a significant health problem due to the increase in morbidity and mortality. The oral cavity microbiome has been the target of numerous studies, with findings highlighting the significant role of dysbiosis in developing OSCC. Dysbiosis can significantly increase pathobionts (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that trigger inflammation through their virulence and pathogenicity factors. In contrast, chronic bacterial inflammation contributes to the development of OSCC. Pathobionts also have other effects, such as the impact on the immune system, which can alter immune responses and contribute to a pro-inflammatory environment. Poor oral hygiene and carbohydrate-rich foods can also increase the risk of developing oral cancer. The risk factors and mechanisms of OSCC development are not yet fully understood and remain a frequent research topic. For this reason, this narrative review concentrates on the issue of dysbiosis as the potential cause of OSCC, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.
口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是最常见的头颈部癌症。尽管口腔是易于进行视觉检查的部位，但OSCC往往在晚期才被发现。OSCC的全球患病率约为6%，由于发病率和死亡率的上升，呈上升趋势的OSCC构成了一个重大的健康问题。口腔微生物群一直是众多研究的对象，研究结果突出了生态失调在OSCC发生发展中的重要作用。生态失调会显著增加致病共生体（细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫），这些致病共生体通过其毒力和致病因素引发炎症。相反，慢性细菌性炎症会促使OSCC的发生发展。致病共生体还有其他影响，比如对免疫系统的影响，这会改变免疫反应并促成促炎环境。口腔卫生不良和富含碳水化合物的食物也会增加患口腔癌的风险。OSCC发生发展的风险因素和机制尚未完全明确，仍然是一个常见的研究课题。因此，本篇叙述性综述聚焦于生态失调作为OSCC潜在病因的问题以及其中涉及的潜在机制。
