School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
Cells. 2024 Aug 26;13(17):1428. doi: 10.3390/cells13171428.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are inflammatory cells that are important components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs are functionally heterogeneous and divided into two main subpopulations with distinct and opposite functions: M1 and M2 macrophages. The secretory function of TAMs is essential for combating infections, regulating immune responses, and promoting tissue repair. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are secreted by cells. They play a crucial role in mediating intercellular information transfer between cells. EVs can be secreted by almost all types of cells, and they contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, and even long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been retained from the parental cell through the process of biogenesis. EVs can influence the function and behavior of target cells by delivering their contents, thus reflecting, to some extent, the characteristics of their parental cells. Here, we provide an overview of the role of M1 macrophages and their EVs in cancer therapy by exploring the impact of M1 macrophage-derived EVs (M1-EVs) on tumors by transferring small microRNAs. Additionally, we discuss the potential of M1-EVs as drug carriers and the possibility of reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages for disease treatment. We propose that M1-EVs play a crucial role in cancer therapy by transferring microRNAs and loading them with drugs. Reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages holds great promise in the treatment of cancers.
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）是炎症细胞，是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分。TAMs 功能异质性明显，可分为具有不同功能的两种主要亚群：M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞。TAMs 的分泌功能对于抗感染、调节免疫反应和促进组织修复至关重要。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由细胞分泌的纳米囊泡。它们在介导细胞间信息传递中起着关键作用。EVs 几乎可以由所有类型的细胞分泌，并且它们包含通过生物发生过程从亲代细胞中保留下来的蛋白质、microRNAs、mRNAs，甚至长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）。EVs 可以通过传递其内容来影响靶细胞的功能和行为，从而在一定程度上反映其亲代细胞的特征。在这里，我们通过探索 M1 巨噬细胞衍生的 EVs（M1-EVs）通过转移小 microRNAs 对肿瘤的影响，概述了 M1 巨噬细胞及其 EVs 在癌症治疗中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了 M1-EVs 作为药物载体的潜力以及将 M2 巨噬细胞重编程为 M1 巨噬细胞用于疾病治疗的可能性。我们提出 M1-EVs 通过转移 microRNAs 并将药物加载到其中在癌症治疗中发挥关键作用。将 M2 巨噬细胞重编程为 M1 巨噬细胞在癌症治疗中具有广阔的前景。
