Villa Rodolfo, Shiau Ya-Ping, Mahri Sohaib, Racacho Kelsey Jane, Tang Menghuan, Zong Qiufang, Ruiz Donovan, Kim Judy, Li Yuanpei
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2025 Jun;20(11):1321-1338. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2500906. Epub 2025 May 7.
Cancer immunotherapies have transformed oncology by utilizing the immune system to target malignancies; however, limitations in efficacy and potential side effects remain significant challenges. Nanoparticles have shown promise in enhancing drug delivery and improving immune activation, with the potential for numerous modifications to tailor them for specific environments or targets. Integrating nanoplatforms offers a promising avenue to overcome these hurdles, enhancing treatment outcomes and reducing adverse effects. By improving drug delivery, targeting, and immune modulation, nanoplatforms can unlock the full potential of cancer immunotherapy. This review explores the role of nanoplatforms in addressing these limitations and enhancing cancer immunotherapy outcomes, examining various types of nanoplatforms. Understanding the mechanisms of immunomodulation through nanoplatform deliveries is crucial. We discuss how these nanoplatforms interact with the tumor microenvironment, modulate tumor-associated macrophages and regulatory T cells, activate immune cells directly, enhance antigen presentation, and promote immunological memory. Further benefits include combination approaches integrating nanoplatforms with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy. Immunotherapy is a relatively new approach, but numerous clinical studies already utilize nanoplatform-based immunotherapies with promising results. This review aims to provide insights into the potential of nanoplatforms to enhance cancer immunotherapy and pave the way for more effective and personalized treatment strategies.
癌症免疫疗法通过利用免疫系统靶向恶性肿瘤，彻底改变了肿瘤学领域；然而，疗效的局限性和潜在的副作用仍然是重大挑战。纳米颗粒在增强药物递送和改善免疫激活方面显示出潜力，并且有多种修饰的可能性，可针对特定环境或靶点进行定制。整合纳米平台为克服这些障碍提供了一条有前景的途径，可提高治疗效果并减少不良反应。通过改善药物递送、靶向性和免疫调节，纳米平台能够释放癌症免疫疗法的全部潜力。本综述探讨了纳米平台在解决这些局限性以及增强癌症免疫治疗效果方面的作用，研究了各种类型的纳米平台。了解通过纳米平台递送进行免疫调节的机制至关重要。我们讨论了这些纳米平台如何与肿瘤微环境相互作用、调节肿瘤相关巨噬细胞和调节性T细胞、直接激活免疫细胞、增强抗原呈递以及促进免疫记忆。进一步的益处包括将纳米平台与化疗、放疗和光疗相结合的联合方法。免疫疗法是一种相对较新的方法，但众多临床研究已经在使用基于纳米平台的免疫疗法，并取得了有前景的结果。本综述旨在深入探讨纳米平台增强癌症免疫疗法的潜力，并为更有效和个性化的治疗策略铺平道路。
