Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 23;25(17):9176. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179176.
Osteoporosis and other degenerative bone diseases pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems due to their prevalence and impact on quality of life. Current treatments often alleviate symptoms without fully restoring damaged bone tissue, highlighting the need for innovative approaches like stem cell therapy. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are particularly promising due to their accessibility, abundant supply, and strong differentiation potential. However, ADMSCs tend to favor adipogenic pathways, necessitating the use of differentiation inducers (DIs), three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel environments, and photobiomodulation (PBM) to achieve targeted osteogenic differentiation. This study investigated the combined effects of osteogenic DIs, a fast-dextran hydrogel matrix, and PBM at specific wavelengths and fluences on the proliferation and differentiation of immortalized ADMSCs into osteoblasts. Near-infrared (NIR) and green (G) light, as well as their combination, were used with fluences of 3 J/cm, 5 J/cm, and 7 J/cm. The results showed statistically significant increases in alkaline phosphatase levels, a marker of osteogenic differentiation, with G light at 7 J/cm demonstrating the most substantial impact on ADMSC differentiation. Calcium deposits, visualized by Alizarin red S staining, appeared as early as 24 h post-treatment in PBM groups, suggesting accelerated osteogenic differentiation. ATP luminescence assays indicated increased proliferation in all experimental groups, particularly with NIR and NIR-G light at 3 J/cm and 5 J/cm. MTT viability and LDH membrane permeability assays confirmed enhanced cell viability and stable cell health, respectively. In conclusion, PBM significantly influences the differentiation and proliferation of hydrogel-embedded immortalized ADMSCs into osteoblast-like cells, with G light at 7 J/cm being particularly effective. These findings support the combined use of 3D hydrogel matrices and PBM as a promising approach in regenerative medicine, potentially leading to innovative treatments for degenerative bone diseases.
骨质疏松症和其他退行性骨病由于其普遍性和对生活质量的影响，给全球医疗保健系统带来了重大挑战。目前的治疗方法往往可以缓解症状，但不能完全恢复受损的骨组织，这凸显了需要采用创新方法，如干细胞疗法。脂肪来源的间充质干细胞（ADMSCs）由于其易于获取、丰富的供应和强大的分化潜力，因此特别有前途。然而，ADMSCs 往往倾向于脂肪生成途径，因此需要使用分化诱导剂（DIs）、三维（3D）水凝胶环境和光生物调节（PBM）来实现靶向成骨分化。本研究探讨了成骨诱导剂、快速葡聚糖水凝胶基质和特定波长和剂量的 PBM 对永生化 ADMSCs 向成骨细胞分化的增殖和分化的联合影响。近红外（NIR）和绿光（G）光以及它们的组合，分别使用 3 J/cm、5 J/cm 和 7 J/cm 的剂量。结果表明，碱性磷酸酶水平（成骨分化的标志物）有统计学显著增加，7 J/cm 的 G 光对 ADMSC 分化的影响最大。在用 PBM 处理后 24 小时，茜素红 S 染色可见钙沉积物，表明成骨分化加速。ATP 发光测定表明，所有实验组的增殖均增加，尤其是 NIR 和 NIR-G 光在 3 J/cm 和 5 J/cm 时。MTT 活力和 LDH 膜通透性测定分别证实了细胞活力的增强和细胞健康的稳定。总之，PBM 显著影响水凝胶包埋的永生化 ADMSCs 向成骨样细胞的分化和增殖，7 J/cm 的 G 光尤其有效。这些发现支持将 3D 水凝胶基质与 PBM 联合使用作为再生医学中一种有前途的方法，可能为退行性骨病的治疗带来新的方法。
