Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumchi 830091, China.
School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 26;25(17):9249. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179249.
Drought stress (DS) is one of the abiotic stresses that plants encounter commonly in nature, which affects their life, reduces agricultural output, and prevents crops from growing in certain areas. To enhance plant tolerance against DS, abundant exogenous substances (ESs) have been attempted and proven to be effective in helping plants relieve DS. Understanding the effect of each ES on alleviation of plant DS and mechanisms involved in the DS relieving process has become a research focus and hotspot that has drawn much attention in the field of botany, agronomy, and ecology. With an extensive and comprehensive review and summary of hundred publications, this paper groups various ESs based on their individual effects on alleviating plant/crop DS with details of the underlying mechanisms involved in the DS-relieving process of: (1) synthesizing more osmotic adjustment substances; (2) improving antioxidant pathways; (3) promoting photosynthesis; (4) improving plant nutritional status; and (5) regulating phytohormones. Moreover, a detailed discussion and perspective are given in terms of how to meet the challenges imposed by erratic and severe droughts in the agrosystem through using promising and effective ESs in the right way and at the right time.
干旱胁迫（DS）是植物在自然界中经常遇到的非生物胁迫之一，它影响植物的生命，降低农业产量，并阻止作物在某些地区生长。为了提高植物对 DS 的耐受性，已经尝试并证明了大量的外源物质（ESs）在帮助植物缓解 DS 方面是有效的。了解每种 ES 对缓解植物 DS 的影响以及 DS 缓解过程中涉及的机制已成为植物学、农学和生态学领域的一个研究重点和热点，引起了广泛关注。本文通过对 100 多篇出版物进行广泛而全面的回顾和总结，根据各种 ES 对缓解植物/作物 DS 的个体作用，将其分组，并详细介绍了 DS 缓解过程中涉及的机制：（1）合成更多的渗透调节物质；（2）改善抗氧化途径；（3）促进光合作用；（4）改善植物营养状况；（5）调节植物激素。此外，本文还详细讨论了如何通过正确的时间和方式使用有前途和有效的 ES 来应对农业系统中不稳定和严重干旱带来的挑战。
