Feng Di, Wang Xuejie, Gao Junping, Zhang Chenxi, Liu Hao, Liu Ping, Sun Xiaoan
Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China.
Key Laboratory of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs/Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Mar 21;14:1143963. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143963. eCollection 2023.
Abiotic stresses are various environmental factors that inhibit a normal plant growth and limit the crop productivity. Plant scientists have been attempting for a long time to understand how plants respond to these stresses and find an effective and feasible solution in mitigating their adverse impacts. Exogenous calcium ion as an essential element for the plant growth, development and reproduction has proven to be effective in alleviating plant stresses through enhancing its resistance or tolerance against them. With a comprehensive review of most recent advances and the analysis by VOSviewer in the researches on this focus of "exogenous calcium" and "stress" for last decade, this paper summarizes the mechanisms of exogenous calcium that are involved in plant defensive responses to abiotic stresses and classifies them accordingly into six categories: I) stabilization of cell walls and membranes; II) regulation of Na and K ratios; III) regulation of hormone levels in plants; IV) maintenance of photosynthesis; V) regulation of plant respiratory metabolism and improvement of root activities; and VI) induction of gene expressions and protein transcriptions for the stress resistance. Also, the progress and advances from the updated researches on exogenous calcium to alleviate seven abiotic stresses such as drought, flooding, salinity, high temperature, low temperature, heavy metals, and acid rain are outlined. Finally, the future research perspectives in agricultural production are discussed.
非生物胁迫是抑制植物正常生长并限制作物产量的各种环境因素。长期以来，植物科学家一直试图了解植物如何应对这些胁迫，并找到减轻其不利影响的有效可行解决方案。外源钙离子作为植物生长、发育和繁殖所必需的元素，已被证明可通过增强植物对胁迫的抗性或耐受性来有效缓解植物胁迫。通过全面回顾过去十年中关于“外源钙”和“胁迫”这一研究重点的最新进展并利用VOSviewer进行分析，本文总结了外源钙参与植物对非生物胁迫防御反应的机制，并将其相应地分为六类：I）细胞壁和细胞膜的稳定；II）钠钾比的调节；III）植物激素水平的调节；IV）光合作用的维持；V）植物呼吸代谢的调节和根系活性的改善；VI）抗逆基因表达和蛋白质转录的诱导。此外，还概述了外源钙缓解干旱、洪涝、盐害、高温、低温、重金属和酸雨等七种非生物胁迫的最新研究进展。最后，讨论了农业生产中的未来研究前景。
