Xu Lei, Lv Jiao, Yu Shengrui
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Aug 30;16(17):2483. doi: 10.3390/polym16172483.
Conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as well as piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are frequently used as a single additive and dispersed in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solutions for the fabrication of piezoelectric composite films. In this study, MWCNT/ZnO binary dispersions are used as spinning liquids to fabricate composite nanofibrous films by electrospinning. Binary additives are conducive to increasing the crystallinity, piezoelectric voltage coefficient, and consequent piezoelectricity of as-spun films owing to the stretch-enhanced polarization of the electrospinning process under an applied electric field. PCZ-1.5 film (10 wt. % PVDF/0.1 wt. % MWCNTs/1.5 wt. % ZnO nanoparticles) contains the maximum β-phase content of 79.0% and the highest crystallinity of 87.9% in nanofibers. A sensor using a PCZ-1.5 film as a functional layer generates an open-circuit voltage of 10 V as it is subjected to impact loads with an amplitude of 6 mm at 10 Hz. The piezoelectric sensor reaches a power density of 0.33 μW/cm and a force sensitivity of 582 mV/N. In addition, the sensor is successfully applied to test irregular motions of a bending finger and stepping foot. The result indicates that electrospun PVDF/MWCNT/ZnO nanofibrous films are suitable for wearable devices.
导电多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）以及压电氧化锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒经常被用作单一添加剂，并分散在聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）溶液中，用于制备压电复合薄膜。在本研究中，MWCNT/ZnO二元分散体被用作纺丝液，通过静电纺丝制备复合纳米纤维薄膜。二元添加剂有利于提高初生薄膜的结晶度、压电电压系数以及随之而来的压电性，这是由于在施加电场下静电纺丝过程中的拉伸增强极化作用。PCZ-1.5薄膜（10 wt.% PVDF/0.1 wt.% MWCNTs/1.5 wt.% ZnO纳米颗粒）在纳米纤维中含有79.0%的最大β相含量和87.9%的最高结晶度。使用PCZ-1.5薄膜作为功能层的传感器在10 Hz下受到振幅为6 mm的冲击载荷时，会产生10 V的开路电压。该压电传感器的功率密度达到0.33 μW/cm，力灵敏度为582 mV/N。此外，该传感器成功应用于测试弯曲手指和踏步脚的不规则运动。结果表明，静电纺丝PVDF/MWCNT/ZnO纳米纤维薄膜适用于可穿戴设备。
