Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 3;16(17):2970. doi: 10.3390/nu16172970.
This systematic review aims to synthesize scientific evidence on the effects of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on health-related outcomes and nutritional biomarkers among children and adolescents with undernutrition. The review protocol was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive keyword and reference search was conducted in seven electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Global Health, Web of Science, and Scopus. We identified 14 peer-reviewed articles reporting results from 13 unique studies (eight randomized controlled trials, four pre-post studies, and one observational study). Study participants were recruited from 14 countries/regions, with ages ranging from 1 to 14 years. Outcomes of interest include health-related outcomes (acute diseases and infections) and nutritional biomarkers (e.g., serum iron and zinc). Six of the eight studies examining acute diseases/infections and five of the seven examining nutritional biomarkers reported statistically significant improvement in some, but not all, outcomes. A meta-analysis of three studies found that ONS interventions reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) by 39% (95% CI, 0.42-0.91) in children at nutritional risk when compared to dietary counseling (DC) alone. This systematic review suggests that ONS interventions can improve certain health-related outcomes and nutritional biomarkers in undernourished children and adolescents. Specifically, the use of ONS significantly reduces the risk of URTI, highlighting its potential to enhance immune function and break the cycle of undernutrition and infection.
本系统评价旨在综合有关口服营养补充（ONS）对营养不良儿童和青少年健康相关结局和营养生物标志物影响的科学证据。本综述报告遵循系统评价和荟萃分析方案（PRISMA-P）指南。在七个电子文献数据库中进行了全面的关键词和参考文献检索：PubMed、学术搜索综合版、学术搜索进阶版、CINAHL、全球健康、Web of Science 和 Scopus。我们确定了 14 篇同行评议文章，这些文章来自 13 项独特的研究（8 项随机对照试验、4 项前后研究和 1 项观察性研究）。研究参与者来自 14 个国家/地区，年龄从 1 岁到 14 岁不等。感兴趣的结局包括健康相关结局（急性疾病和感染）和营养生物标志物（如血清铁和锌）。在 8 项研究中，有 6 项研究报告了急性疾病/感染，在 7 项研究中，有 5 项研究报告了营养生物标志物的改善，但并非所有研究都有统计学意义。对三项研究的荟萃分析发现，与单独进行饮食咨询（DC）相比，ONS 干预可将营养风险儿童 URTI 的发生率降低 39%（95%CI，0.42-0.91）。本系统评价表明，ONS 干预可改善营养不良儿童和青少年的某些健康相关结局和营养生物标志物。具体而言，ONS 的使用可显著降低 URTI 的风险，突出了其增强免疫功能和打破营养不良与感染循环的潜力。
