Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Aug 24;24(17):5485. doi: 10.3390/s24175485.
State-of-the-art augmented reality (AR) glasses record their 3D pose in space, enabling measurements and analyses of clinical gait and balance tests. This study's objective was to evaluate concurrent validity and test-retest reliability for common clinical gait and balance tests in people with Parkinson's disease: Five Times Sit To Stand (FTSTS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. Position and orientation data were collected in 22 participants with Parkinson's disease using HoloLens 2 and Magic Leap 2 AR glasses, from which test completion durations and durations of distinct sub-parts (e.g., sit to stand, turning) were derived and compared to reference systems and over test repetitions. Regarding concurrent validity, for both tests, an excellent between-systems agreement was found for position and orientation time series (ICC > 0.933) and test completion durations (ICC > 0.984). Between-systems agreement for FTSTS (sub-)durations were all excellent (ICC > 0.921). TUG turning sub-durations were excellent (turn 1, ICC = 0.913) and moderate (turn 2, ICC = 0.589). Regarding test-retest reliability, the within-system test-retest variation in test completion times and sub-durations was always much greater than the between-systems variation, implying that (sub-)durations may be derived interchangeably from AR and reference system data. In conclusion, AR data are of sufficient quality to evaluate gait and balance aspects in people with Parkinson's disease, with valid quantification of test completion durations and sub-durations of distinct FTSTS and TUG sub-parts.
最先进的增强现实 (AR) 眼镜记录其在空间中的 3D 姿态，从而能够对临床步态和平衡测试进行测量和分析。本研究的目的是评估帕金森病患者常见的临床步态和平衡测试的同时效度和重测信度：五次坐站测试（FTSTS）和计时起身行走测试（TUG）。使用 HoloLens 2 和 Magic Leap 2 AR 眼镜在 22 名帕金森病患者中收集位置和方向数据，从中得出测试完成时间以及特定子部分（例如坐下站起、转身）的时间，并与参考系统和重复测试进行比较。关于同时效度，对于这两种测试，位置和方向时间序列（ICC > 0.933）以及测试完成时间（ICC > 0.984）的系统间一致性非常好。FTSTS（子）时间的系统间一致性均为优秀（ICC > 0.921）。TUG 转身子时间的一致性为优秀（转 1，ICC = 0.913）和中等（转 2，ICC = 0.589）。关于重测信度，测试完成时间和子时间的系统内重测变异性始终大于系统间变异性，这表明（子）时间可以从 AR 和参考系统数据中互换得出。总之，AR 数据具有足够的质量，可以评估帕金森病患者的步态和平衡方面，可对 FTSTS 和 TUG 特定子部分的测试完成时间和子时间进行有效量化。
